The English Revolution

Tudor Rulers Elizabeth I Henry VIII Henry VII

Tudors: strong rulers Good relations with Parliament Get what they want from them

Elizabeth dies 1603 No children

New king: James I From Scotland House of Stuart

From early internal fights to hold power, Elizabeth learned the importance of appearance and winning the people James cares nothing of that

James believes in : Divine Right

Tells Parliament “There are no privileges and immunities which can stand against a divinely appointed king” James feels that rights listed in documents like the Magna Charta are a threat to their divine prerogative

James needs money for a war: *goes to Parliament *Parliament wants to talk it over *James Dissolves Parliament

James against Protestant dissenters Puritans – want to purify Church James vows to drive them out or worse

James is aided by William Laud the Archbishop of Canterbury

Charles I takes over in 1625 Charles also believes in absolute rule

Charles: *dissolves Parliament *Jails leaders *rules w/o Parliament for 11 years

In order to raise money to run the government Charles must resort to questionable methods ?

Charles brings back medieval law ‘ship money’, a tax on costal area to pay for the Navy – but he collects from inland regions too

The Archbishop of Canterbury attempts to make religious changes in Scotland to make them more like the Church of England Scotland revolts

Charles has to recall Parliament for money after Scotland revolts Long Parliament

Charles attempts to have leaders of Parliament arrested – it fails Charles heads north to raise army Parliament forms the New Model Army from militia of London and country squires with business connections

Supporters of king: Cavaliers

Supporters of Parliament: Roundheads Oliver Cromwell

Roundheads win the war and capture Charles Cromwell allows only his supporters into Parliament The Rump Parliament

Pride’s Purge

Parliament tries and convicts Charles I

Blue Laws Remake society: more moral Small group of radicals takes control – they are Puritans Instrument of Government-constitution Cromwell - Lord Protector Remake society: more moral Blue Laws

Cromwell not able to work with Rump Parliament so he dissolves them Rules as military dictator with a regime of generals

Cromwell and the Puritans attempt to crush Catholicism in Ireland They will confiscate Catholic lands and execute priests Sets up English landlord for Irish-Catholic tenants This leaves a long hatred for England

Cromwell dies 1658 People tired of Puritan living and military rule Want Stuarts back

Restoration Charles II Opens theaters and taverns Party time!!!

When Charles II dies his brother takes over: James II

James starts suspending laws of Parliament and appointing Catholics to key positions

James has two daughters with Protestant 1st wife Marries a Catholic has a son

Parliament invites first daughter Mary and husband William of Orange GLORIOUS REVOLUTION James II runs away

William signs English Bill of Rights *limited monarchy *supremacy of Parliament *Power of the purse *Regular meetings of 8Parliament

no royal interference with the law no royal interference with the law. Though the sovereign remains the fount of justice, he or she cannot unilaterally establish new courts or act as a judge. *no taxation by Royal Prerogative. The agreement of the parliament became necessary for the implementation of any new taxes *freedom to petition the monarch without fear of retribution *no standing army may be maintained during a time of peace without the consent of parliament. *no royal interference in the freedom of the people to have arms for their own defence. *no royal interference in the election of members of parliament *the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament *"grants and promises of fines or forfeitures" before conviction are void no excessive bail or "cruel and unusual" punishments may be imposed

Evolution of Constitutional Government Political parties – outlet for differences in ideas of how to run the country Tories-tradition & high Church Whigs-parliament/toleration/city

2. Cabinet System New Hanover kings were Germen and relied on leaders of Parliament to run the country. Board of advisors became known as the Cabinet

3. Prime Minister-leader of the cabinet Leader of the majority party in Parliament 1st PM Robert Walpole

Parliament House of Lords: titled nobles House of Commons: wealthy landowners and businessmen Few in England can vote