PARLIAMENT TRIUMPHS IN ENGLAND Unlike France which fell under Absolute Monarch Power, England resisted and was successful in creating a constitutional monarchy with a parliament running the government. The question: how and why did this happen?

Tudors ruled from 1485-1603 when Elizabeth died childless Tudors ruled from 1485-1603 when Elizabeth died childless. The Tudors had always been cool with calling Parliament to discuss laws and tax issues. Her cousin James I of Scotland agreed to take throne and follow English law and custom.

Then, he went a little whacko and started telling Parliament he should be ruling by divine right and should have all the power. Parliament said “No way, Jose!” So James was always fighting with them over taxes and money James also argued with dissenters who didn’t like the Church of England. They felt it was a bit too Catholic still.

YOU HAVE A STUPID HAT! I DON’T LIKE PURITAINS! One group really irritated James, the Puritans who wanted to make church simpler, more democratic and without bishops. Arguments ensued but then James I died. His son Charles I took the throne. He also wanted to be an absolute monarch.

Things got ugly… Charles I needed cash so he called Parliament to session. They agreed to give him money as long as he signed “A Petition of Right” which he did. The P of R said “can’t raise taxes without Parliament consent nor throw anyone in jail without just cause.” HABEUS CORPUS

He then dissolved parliament and refused to call them back to session for 11 years. Charles angered a lot of peeps! Got ugly. Charles I and Parliament escalated into civil war. War lasts from 1642-1651

Oliver Cromwell leader of Parliament- termed roundheads because of haircuts. Charles I and royalists- Cavaliers. Cromwell wins and Charles I is beheaded. READING OLIVER

House of Commons declared monarchy abolished and made Cromwell head of England now called the Commonwealth. New Laws under Cromwell: Banned Christmas fun No make-up for women Catholics could not openly worship Tolerant of other protestant groups and Jews

1658 Cromwell died. Pushed out his son and brought back the monarchy called the “Restoration.” Charles II crowned but with rules. James II came to throne after Charles II and then got bounced in 1688. They were scared he’d bring back Roman Catholic Church to England.

KICKED ME OUT BECAUSE I WAS TOO MANLY! We had to sign the English Bill of Rights! Offered crown to James II protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange. Had to accept English Bill of Rights as part of the deal. Establish a limited monarchy. Kicking James II out for his daughter is called “Glorious Revolution.”

Over next 100 years Britain Government became a constitutional government defined and limited by law. A cabinet to set policy developed as well. Still run this way today mostly.

Class work p353 Answer this question in PEP format. One paragraph: Did Parliament have a right to place limits on the King?