Making more salts Baseline (Flightpath D): Safely make a salt by reacting a metal carbonate with a dilute acid. Write a general word equation for metal carbonates and alkalis reacting with dilute acids and use this to make specific word equations. Further (Flightpath C&B Describe how to make a dry sample of a salt from reacting a metal carbonate or an alkali with a dilute acid. Write balanced symbol equations for neutralisation reactions. Challenge Flightpath A): Explain the reaction between ammonia and dilute acids to produce salts and the agricultural importance of the salts. Describe neutralisation using ionic equations, including the ionic equation for a carbonate plus an acid.

Use the following equations to generate a general word equation for the reaction. a) sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid → sodium chloride + water KOH + HNO3 → KNO3 + H2O OH− + H+ → H2O acid + alkali → salt + water b) calcium carbonate + → calcium chloride + water + hydrochloric acid carbon dioxide CuCO3 + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O + CO2 metal carbonate + acid → salt + carbon dioxide + water

Making a salt from a metal carbonate Measure 20cm3 1 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid into a 100cm3 beaker Add ½ spatula magnesium carbonate and stir Continue to add magnesium carbonate until there is no effervescence Filter Pour filtrate into evaporating basin Heat until the point of crystallisation is reached