Reconstruction Chapter 8

Reconstruction Plan to rebuild and reunite with the South following the Civil War 1865-1877 Process of bringing southern states back into the Union

Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction 10% of Southerners must pledge loyalty oaths Lenient (forgiving) Did not want to punish

Radical Republicans Wanted to PUNISH the South Create Five military occupation zones Accept 13th and 14th Amendment

Freedmen’s Bureau Agency to aid former slaves Furnished clothing, food and education Unsuccessful: Lack of funding and white support in South

Black Codes Restrictions on freedom of Af-Americans Passed by Southern gov’ts to restrict newly won freedoms Ex. No interracial marriage, curfews, must work or be arrested, behavior codes

Sharecropping Blacks kept in service by keeping them in debt. Must farm to pay off debts! Cycle of poverty Farming land owned by another

Amendments 13th Amendment: Abolished slavery 14th Amendment: granted citizenship rights 15th Amendment: Black males could vote

Hiram Revels First Black Congressman, Mississippi Ties to Lincolnton! Operated barbershop on West Main in 1840s

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 1st President Impeached (Brought up on charges) Saved from removal by one vote Violated Tenure of Office Act Hated by Radical Republicans

Carpetbaggers “put down” used to describe Northerners who came South to take advantage of opportunities Bought land and manipulated black vote

Scalawags “put down” to describe SOUTHERNERS who were working with the North

Ku Klux Klan White supremacist group Greek for “Circle of Friends” Threatened and intimidated blacks by burning homes and lynching Ended between 1869-1915 because of the KKK Act

Enforcement Acts To protect the rights of blacks Right to vote Force Act protected them against KKK Lynching: Racially motivated murder

The Redeemers Southerners trying to regain control Overthrew every Radical Republican state by 1877 (Redemption) Return to white rule

Compromise of 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes promised to end Reconstruction in exchange for the Presidency Withdrew troops from South: End of Reconstruction

Stalwarts Opposed to Hayes and his Civil Service Reform Policies Civil Service Reform wanted to require testing for gov’t positions Hayes fires Chester Arthur (future pres.)

The New South South wanted to grow, become industrial, and eliminate racism UNSUCCESSFUL! Legacy: Blacks continued to suffer discrimination for another 100 years!

Andrew Johnson From Raleigh, NC 17th President from 1865-1869 Democrat Reconstruction took place during his administration and the 13th Amendment was passed abolishing slavery. The US purchased Alaska from Russia and the 14th Amendment was passed. Johnson was the first president to be impeached as a result of violating the Tenure of Office Act

Ulysses S. Grant Point Pleasant, Ohio 18th President from 1869-1877 Republican Party Before becoming President, Grant was General during the Civil War. The First Transcontinental Railroad was completed when the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific met at Promontory Point, Utah. The 15th Amendment was added to the Constitution and during the Battle of Little Big Horn, Custer was massacred along with his soldiers

Rutherford B. Hayes Delaware, Ohio 19th President from 1877 to 1881 Republican The Election of 1876 was controversial because of election votes and was a compromise, Hayes became President. During his term in office Reconstruction “officially” ended in the South. In 1877, a Railway strike which was so violent that Hayes called in the Federal Troops. A group of Republicans called Stalwarts were opposed to Hayes because he wanted to reform the civil service system