20th Century Iran Timeline Kasey, Davis, Priscilla, & Andy

1900-1915 1901- Petroleum Concession permitted to William Knox D’arcy Gave right to search for oil in Persia 1906- Constitution signed by Muzaffar al Din Shah 1908- Oil found in Persia; oil companies formed Start of World War I Iran was used as a front for many imperial power countries, which therefore made them subject to invasion.

1915-1930 1918- Famine From WWI invasions 1921- Coup d'etat Reza Khan took power over Persia by using a Coup technique; “Reza Khan, a military officer in Persia’s Cossack Brigade, names himself shah of Persia after successfully staging a coup against the government of the Qajar Dynasty” (2) 1926- Reza Khan becomes shah of Persia

1930-1945 1935- Persia is renamed as Iran. Reza Kahn begins using dictatorship style leadership 1941- Reza Khan is forced out of power: “Although Reza Khan declares Iran a neutral power during World War II, Iran’s British-controlled oil interests are largely maintained by German engineers and technicians, and Khan refuses to expel German citizens despite a request by Britain. In September 1941, following British and Soviet occupation of western Iran, Reza Shah is forced out of power. His son, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, succeeds him on the throne” (2)

1945-1960 1951- Mohammed tried to nationalize the British Owned oil industry. Shah opposed Mohammed and removed him from power. Later Mohammed gets his power back, and Shah leaves Iran. 1952- The prime minister authorized laws to strictly censors news, to prohibit labors strikes, and to suspend elections to the Majlis.

1945-1960 1953- Shah returns to Iran and Gen. Fazlollah Zahedi overthrew Mossadeq in an August coup d’etat. 1957- US and Israeli intelligence officers work with Iran to set up an organization; “. . . SAVAK, an Iranian intelligence organization later blamed for the torture and execution of thousands of political prisoners and violent suppression of dissent” (2)

1960-1975 1963 - The shah declared a land of reform and redistributions plan, called the White Revolution: “an aggressive campaign of social and economic Westernization that is met with intense popular opposition” (2) 1963- Women gained voting rights: ”The additions, electoral was enacted. Women could vote for the first time.” (3) 1975- To the centralize his authority further, the shah banned oppositional political parties.

1975-1990 1976- Shah replaces the islamic calendar with the imperial calendar. 1978- riots erupted against the government, also Iran was on the verge of civil war by late autumn. January 16 1979 - Shah leaves Iran and leaves it without a ruler; “1979 January 16, Shah left Iran; February 1, Khomeini returned to Iran; April 1, Islamic Republic of Iran established; November 4, US Embassy seized” (1). November 4 1979- Islamic students storm the US embassy in Tehran and took 66 Americans hostage. This was done to demand that the Shah return from receiving medical care in the United States to face trial in Iran.

1975-1990 continued... 1980 - 1988 -Iran Iraq War. 1980- Iran and the United States put an end to all diplomatic ties 1980-Shah Dies in Egypt 1988- US navy ship USS Vincennes shoots down an Iranian plane with 290 crew members in it. US apologizes due to a mistake with a military jet. 1989- President Rafsanjani established a 5 years economic reform program, also included foreign borrowing and foreign investment.

1990-2000. 1990- The United states and its allies declared war on Iraq (Gulf War); “In the late 1991, The Iranian government also assisted in the release of the hostages in Lebanon.” (3) 1997- Mohammad Khatami elected president: “Mohammad Khatami-Ardakani is elected to the presidency in a landslide victory amidst his pledges of political and social reforms as well as economic revitalization.” (2)

Works cited Kamiar, M. "Timeline of important events in Iran, 8,000 BCE to the present." Focus on Geography, Spring 2007, p. 1. Science In Context, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPS&sw=w&u=peac17207&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA164 221044&it=r&asid=987a6fc89c41d51af00e0cc1b0d14a20. Accessed 14 Feb. 2017. "Timeline: A Modern History of Iran." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2017. Taus-Bolstad, Stacy. Iran in Pictures. Minneapolis: Lerner, 2005. Print.