Migration by Mr. Gooden

Migration Migration is the movement of people from one place to another

What are the main types of migration What are the main types of migration? Migration can be permanent or temporary, voluntary or forced, internal or international.

Voluntary migration

Reasons for immigration1607-1830 Political Freedom Religious Tolerance Economic Opportunity People want a better life - better job - more money Political Refugees fear for their lives Some want free atmosphere Forced Immigration (Slavery) Family Reunification There are two types of motivation for immigration Push(need to leave in order to survive)･ Pull (attracted to new way of life)

1890-1924 ･Jews came for religious freedom ･Italians and Asians came for Work ･Russians came to escape persecution･America had jobs ･America had religious freedom ･America was hyped up in many countries as "Land of Opportunity"

Push and Pull factors Migration can occur as result of push and pull factors. Push factors are those which force a person to move. This can include drought, famine, lack of jobs, over population and civil war. Pull factors are those which encourage a person to move. These include a chance of a better job, better education, a better standard of living.

New Commonwealth The term was commonly used in the 1960s and 1970s to refer to members of the Commonwealth of Nations that had joined in recent years as a result of decolonization. These countries were mostly, poor developing countries in Asia, Africa and the Caribbean with predominantly non-white populations.

Old Commonwealth They were in contrast with the so-called Old Commonwealth (or "White Commonwealth") countries that were located in the developed world and were predominantly white and wealthy.

Commonwealth of Nations, a voluntary association of 53 independent states, almost all of which are former colonies of the United Kingdom.

West Indies

Inner city

Violence, drugs and Police harassment muggings

Ghetto An urban district containing a high proportion of one particular ethnic group.

Ethnic group The group of people a person belongs to categorised by race, nationality, language, religion or culture.

Racism Unfair, ridiculing or threatening behaviour towards someone because of their skin and/or particular racial group.

From the early twentieth century to the 1960s, it was the chronic shortage of labour in this young developing country that attracted Italian workers. The Canadian labour market, compared to that of Italy, offered a relatively high level of employment and income. Italian immigration to Canada was also encouraged by Canadian immigration policies, which were more liberal than those of other countries due to the labour shortage, especially after the Second World War.

Urbanisation A growth of towns and cities leading to an increasing proportion of a country´s population living there.

Counterurbanisation Movement of people in MEDCs away from urban areas to live in smaller towns and villages.

Natural disaster (volcano, earthquake, flood, famine etc.) War FORCED MIGRATION: When people have to move usually because their life might be in danger. Natural disaster (volcano, earthquake, flood, famine etc.) War Political persecution Religious or ethnic persecution Redevelopment or resettlement e.g. Three Gorges Dam

New job or better pay Retirement University/school Healthcare VOLUNTARY MIGRATION: When people chose to move, usually for economic benefit. New job or better pay Retirement University/school Healthcare Better weather

Impacts in general

Central America (including Mexico) to US Migration The US and Mexico share a land border of roughly 2000km. Because of a series of push and pull factors, migrants from Mexico and Central America (El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala) try and make the journey across the border. It is estimated that over 1 million migrants each year attempt to cross. Many make it, but others are also caught, in 1995 about 850,000 were caught and deported.

PUSH FACTORS FROM MEXICO Poor medical facilities - 1800 per doctor Low paid jobs - (GNP = $3,750) Adult literacy rates 55% - poor education prospects Life expectancy 72 yrs 40% Unemployed 42,000 violent drugs deaths since 2006

PULL FACTORS TO US Excellent medical facilities - 400 per doctor Well paid jobs - GNP = $24,750) Adult literacy rates 99% - good education prospects Life expectancy 76 yrs Low crime rates Many jobs available for low paid workers such as Mexicans

Impacts on the USA (positive and negative) Illegal migration costs the USA millions of dollars for border patrols and prisons Mexicans are seen as a drain on the USA economy Migrant workers keep wages low which affects Americans They cause problems in cities due cultural and racial issues Mexican migrants benefit the US economy by working for low wages Mexican culture has enriched the US border states with food, language and music The incidents of TB has been increasing greatly due to the increased migration

Impacts on Mexico (positive and negative) The Mexican countryside has a shortage of economically active people Many men emigrate leaving a majority of women who have trouble finding marriage partners Young people tend to migrate leaving the old and the very young Legal and illegal immigrants together send some $6 billion a year back to Mexico Certain villages such as Santa Ines have lost 2/3 of its inhabitants

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