Cell Structure and Function

Cell Theory Cells are the basic unit of structure and function All things are made of cells All cells arise from pre-existing cells

History of the Cell Cells are the basic unit of organization in all living organisms Cells were not discovered until the invention of the microscope Organization of living things… Cellstissuesorgansorgan systemsorganisms

Galileo 1620’s Credited as the first person to create a “microscope” His “microscope” was a modified telescope or magnifying glass

Robert Hooke 1665 Observed cork cells (dead plant bark) Named the cell—like “cells” in a monastery

Anton von Leewenhoek 1600’s Invented first real microscope Observed bacterial cells

Robert Brown 1833 Named the nucleus

Matthias Schleiden 1838 All PLANTS are made of cells

Theodore Schwann 1838 All ANIMALS are made of cells

Francesco Redi 1700’s Disproved spontaneous generation Idea that living things come from nonliving matter Meat and maggots experiment

Ridolf Virchow 1858 All cells come from pre-existing cells Proposed BIOGENESIS Idea the living things come from living matter

Louis Pasteur 1862 Disproved spontaneous generation using chicken broth. Boiling substances kills all living matter (Pasteurization)

Structure of the Cell Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Unicellular Do NOT have a nucleus Examples: bacteria Unicellular and multicellular Have a nucleus Examples: plants, animals, protists, and fungi

Plasma Membrane Function: Allows things in an out of the cell Prokaryotic Cells: Yes Eukaryotic Cells: Plant and Animal

Video http://www.sciencedaily.com/videos/ec8a11665ba62e2ab332de0f17692db5.htm

Cell Wall Function: Structure and support Prokaryotic Cells: Yes Eukaryotic Cells: Plant only

Nucleus Function: Controls the function of the cell; contains the cell’s genetic information (DNA) Prokaryotic Cells: No Eukaryotic Cells: Plant and Animal

Ribosomes Function: Protein manufacturer Prokaryotic Cells: Yes Eukaryotic Cells: Plant and Animal

Video http://s1049.photobucket.com/albums/s389/suviswan/?action=view&current=44de0063fdab5921f08afb53fd021fb1.mp4

Cytoplasm Function: Gel-like substance found in the cell Prokaryotic Cells: Yes Eukaryotic Cells: Plant and Animal

Endoplasmic Reticulum Function: Site of cellular chemical reactions; cell’s assembly line Prokaryotic Cells: No Eukaryotic Cells: Plant and Animal

Golgi Bodies Function: Packages and sorts proteins to be exported from the cell; like mail being sorted at the post office Prokaryotic Cells: No Eukaryotic Cells: Plant and Animal

Vacuole Function: Membrane-bound storage compartments Prokaryotic Cells: No Eukaryotic Cells: Plant (large) and Animal (small if any at all)

Lysosomes Function: Contain digestive enzymes to break down old cell parts or food parts Prokaryotic Cells: No Eukaryotic Cells: Plant and Animal

Mitochondria Function: Energy house of the cell; turns glucose into ATP Prokaryotic Cells: No Eukaryotic Cells: Plant and Animal

Chloroplast Function: Capture light energy and turn it into glucose (food) Prokaryotic Cells: No Eukaryotic Cells: Plants Only

Cilia and Flagella Function: Cell movement Prokaryotic Cells: Yes Eukaryotic Cells: Animal (mostly unicellular)

Centriole Function: Cell division Prokaryotic Cells: No Eukaryotic Cells: Animal Only

Cell Requirements All cells have… All cells need… Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes All cells need… Energy Water