Department of Geography Jeon-Young Kang · Yi Yang An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena : A Case of the Change of Administrative divisions of Seoul Department of Geography Jeon-Young Kang · Yi Yang

An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena Outline An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena I Introduction II Related Works III Integrating Geodatabase & BFO2.0 IV Application – SPARQL, Demo V Conclusion & Future Works

An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena Introduction

Background and Purpose (1/2) Two Challenge of G.I Processing Peculiar characteristics Geo data Mis-use of terminology A lack of interoperability Syntactic Heterogeneity Structural Heterogeneity Semantic Heterogeneity Background Linked web Dynamic time and space Changing Evolving Web Geographical phenomena

Integrate geo-database and BFO Background and Purpose (2/2) Purpose Integrate geo-database and BFO Integrate domain ontology and upper level ontology Spatio-temporal analysis by using ontologies Investigating how administrative divisions of Seoul change

An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena II Related Works 먼저 연구의 개요입니다.

Why do we need Formal Ontologies? DOLCE?? BFO?? Related Works (1/2) Why do we need Formal Ontologies? DOLCE?? BFO?? A reference for agents to commit to certain theories A set formal guidelines for modeling domain/task ontologies A tool for making heterogeneous ontologies integrate or merge ... … META BFO SNAP geographical entities - continuants SPAN geographical entities - occurents

Related Works (2/2) Geo Ontologies GeoSPARQL OGC Standard Spatial object Spatial relationship GeoNames Linked data 10,000,000 geographical names 7,500,000 unique features

Seoul as a case study(1/2)

Seoul as a case study(2/2) The change of name of Seoul : Hanseong – Gyeongseong – Seoul The name changed Hanseong to Gyeongseong at colony of Japan (1910) the name changed Gyeongseong to Seoul after independence from Japan (1945)

An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena III Building Ontology 먼저 연구의 개요입니다.

Key concept in domain ontology Building Ontology(1/4) Key concept in domain ontology Site - b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) Spatial region - A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])

Building Ontology(2/4) Merge BFO 2.0 and domain ontology Korean Division Name English Division Name The categories of Geonames Bu Capital City First-order Administrative division Teukbyeol-si Gwngyeok-si Metropolitan City Do Province Si City Second-order Administrative division Gu District Gun County Eup Town Third-order Administrative division Myeon Township Dong Neighborhood Ri Village Third- order Administrative division

Building Ontology(3/4) Continuant and Occurrent

Building Ontology(4/4) GeoSPARQL defines spatial relationship as Object Property using 9 Intersection Matrix

ArcGIS and layers Geo-database Integration geo-database and BFO 2.0 (1/3) ArcGIS and layers The dataset collected is organized in ArcGIS vector layers. One layer for each time slide through the temporal dimension. Attribute data is associated with spatial data. Geo-database Using relational database to store spatial and attribute data. Ability to publish, analysis and process. http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/proc02/pap0179/p0179.htm

Integration geo-database and BFO 2.0 (2/3)

D2RQ: linked data D2RQ mapping Integration geo-database and BFO 2.0 (3/3) D2RQ: linked data The D2RQ platform is a system for accessing relational databases as virtual, read-only RDF graphs. It offers RDF-based access to the content of relational databases without having to replicate it into an RDF D2RQ mapping Each record is a Site. Each geometry is a Spatial region. Each record belongs to geonames category. Examples of definitions

An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena IV Application 먼저 연구의 개요입니다.

Application(1/3) Search for Seoul’s area in certain year

Application(2/3) Trace one site’s change through time

Application(3/3) Demo

V Conclusion and Future works An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena V Conclusion and Future works 먼저 연구의 개요입니다.

Conclusion and Future works(1/2) Summary Suggests how to integrate Geodatabase and BFO 2.0 Tries to find the way to extend geo-database into ontology Explore application of integrated ontology Got to know how administrative division of Seoul have changed Contribution Tries the effective ways to support spatio-temporal queries. By using Visual it would be helpful for understand the change of spatio-temporal data.

Conclusion and Future works(2/2) Validate formality of this ontology. Extend ontology with spatial relation property. Spatial-temporal analysis using ontology hierarchy. D2RQ is transitive method to transfer geo-data into ontology. Geo-ontology is still far…

An Ontology for Capturing Geographical Phenomena ※ Q & A