Sanyo Lecture May 2017 Dr. Rob Waring Learning Vocabulary Sanyo Lecture May 2017 Dr. Rob Waring

Word frequency Some words are more useful than others High frequency words Low frequency words Some words are technical – for specific topic areas Learn the general high frequency words first

Two states of vocabulary learning Form-meaning relationship - matching the spelling and/or sound to a meaning The ‘deeper’ aspects of vocabulary learning - multiple meaning senses / nuances of use - frequency, usefulness etc. - use in context - domain (lexical set) - restrictions on use / pragmatic values - register (polite, casual, rude), spoken, written, formal, informal - lexical access speed, fluency, automaticity - collocation and colligation - etc.

Types of vocabulary Individual words: book, table, life, chance, walk, airplane… Affixes: used, user, usefulness, user-friendly, disuse… Multi-part words: traffic jam, the day after tomorrow, lunch box… Lexical phrases: by the way, to and fro, a kind of,… Idioms: let the cat out of the bag, raining cats and dogs Sentence heads: Do you mind if I…, If I were you,.. Could you…? Collocations: High season, mild cheese, blonde hair… Colligations: agree to do x, agree on X, rely on someone, have an effect on x, x affects y... Others: SONY, Paul, twenty-seven, etc. , UNESCO…

What's a collocation? Collocations are words which often appear together. We say We don't (usually) say beautiful girl handsome girl blonde hair yellow hair mild cheese weak cheese big surprise large surprise go to work go to job catch fire do fire / go fire high cost expensive cost demand a response ask a response make a mistake do a mistake

What’s a colligation? Colligations are words which often appear together grammatically We say We don’t (usually) say depend on someone depend of someone be good at something be good on something ask for something ask on something give something to someone give something someone

They need thousands of Expressions, Idioms and Phrases traffic jam lunch box by and large get along with put back set out on the day before yesterday How's things? If you don't mind, would you…? I'd rather not … I'd like to … If it were up to me, I'd … So, what do you think? What's the matter?

What happens to things we learn? We forget them over time unless they are recycled and memories of them strengthened Our brains are designed to forget most of what we meet - not to remember it Knowledge The Forgetting Curve Time

Spaced Repetition is the science of long-term memory 9

Spaced Repetition is the science of long-term memory 10

Spaced Repetition is the science of long-term memory 11

Spaced Repetition is the science of long-term memory 12

Spaced Repetition is the science of long-term memory 13

Spaced Repetition is the science of long-term memory 14

Spaced Repetition is the science of long-term memory 15

Spaced Repetition is the science of long-term memory 16

Spaced Repetition is the science of long-term memory 17

Spaced Repetition is the science of long-term memory 18

Leitner’s Memory System Spaced, expanded retrieval Image source: www.lexxica.com