Dahl et al. Reorganisation of Earth’s biogeochemical cycles brieﬂy oxygenated the oceans 520 Myr ago Figure 3 Conceptual model for the episodic expansion.

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Dahl et al. Reorganisation of Earth’s biogeochemical cycles brieﬂy oxygenated the oceans 520 Myr ago Figure 3 Conceptual model for the episodic expansion of the oxygenation zone in the oceans. The emergence of bilaterian animals (a-b) increased sediment mixing via bioturbation causing atmospheric pO2 to decline. The oxygenation zone contracts until (c) a rapid increase in the sinking rate of organic matter changes O2 consumption rates in the upper water column. (d) This accelerates organic carbon export to the sediments and delivers more food and O2 to the benthos over wider areas of the seafloor. Enhanced bioturbation promotes atmospheric pO2 decline, and re-stabilises the ocean in a more reducing state. Arrows and numbers illustrate organic export fluxes in one scenario (details in Table S-11). For simplicity, the organic C export increases in one step with the emergence of larger faecal pellets. Quantitative estimates for organic carbon export and remineralisation are derived from the coupled C and S isotope modelling (see Supplementary Information S5). Figure 3 Conceptual model for the episodic expansion of the oxygenation zone in the oceans. The emergence of bilaterian animals (a-b) increased sediment mixing via bioturbation causing atmospheric pO2 to decline. The oxygenation zone contracts until (c) a rapid increase in the sinking rate of organic matter changes O2 consumption rates in the upper water column. (d) This accelerates organic carbon export … Dahl et al. (2017) Geochem. Persp. Let. 3, 210-220 | doi: 10.7185/geochemlet.1724 © 2017 European Association of Geochemistry