Topic 1 Part A: Library familiarization Ref: Pinner D, 1998, Communication Skills, Addison Wesley Longman New Zealand Limited, Chpt. 4 pp.40-48, chpt. 3 pp. 28-34

Library familiarization What is a Library? Collection and storage place for information, sources, resources and services ranging from print to non- print materials, such as books to periodicals to CDs, DVDs, films, artifacts and more.

Be familiar with the library! Know where to go when you need to do more research. Know what to do when you need to do more readings for your assignments/tests/tasks/etc. Know how to locate the materials you need.

Finding Information in the Library: Decide - what information you need. Think - what kind of info you need? Statistics? Research data? Theories? Facts to support arguments? Diagrams? Where you will find this info. (books, journals, etc?) Will you need to use the catalogue or indexes? Go to the Library and track down the info you need. Use library catalogue system.

How the library is organized Most libraries have the following: Newspapers (print) Magazines (periodical) (print) Journals (periodical) (print) Textbooks (print) Audio and video materials (non-print) Encyclopedias (print) Reference books (print) Fiction and non fiction books (print) Photographs (print) Maps (print) Digitized information (computer access)

Dewey Decimal System The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)is a system of library classification. It classifies non-fiction books by dividing them into 10 subject groups represented by figures/numbers beginning with 000 and going on to 999. Melvil Dewey, an American Librarian - developed DDC in 1876.

Non fiction Classified according to the DDC. The 10 main classes in the DDC are: 000 General works, general knowledge, encyclopedias. 100 Philosophy and psychology 200 Religion 300 Social Sc, politics, law, trade, society 400 Languages 500 Natural science and mathematics

Non fiction cont’d 600 Applied Sc and technology 700 Fine arts and recreation 800 Literature and rhetoric 900 History, Geography, Biography, and auxiliary disciplines These 10 divisions are again further divided into 10 sections. Each section is again further divided into 10 sections. The classification progresses from general to specific subjects.

Fiction Classified by using the letter ‘F’ and the first 3 letters of the author’s surname, e.g. The Firm by John Grisham would be classified FGRI. To make it easy to find the book, the call number is printed on the spine. e.g. - FGRI. Books are placed in alphabetical order according to the fauthor’s surname. If there’s no clear author, the book is classified according to its title.

Reference section The books in this section are for use in the library only because the books in this section are usually very expensive to replace. This is the reason no overnight borrowing is allowed from this section. Books in this section include: encyclopedias, statistics, dictionaries, directories, atlases, handbooks, yearbooks, bibliographies.

Periodical Section Periodicals are generally materials published at regular intervals such as newspapers magazines and journals. These may be termed serials. Periodicals cannot be borrowed overnight. Newspapers – printed almost daily. Magazines – cover many topics. Journals – specific to one field or topic.

Library A place to do quiet reading and studies. Must be a resourceful place. It must have a bank of knowledge and resources that would assist the readers or info seekers to get further information. Must have a budget to be able to get and store latest information. Must provide photocopying services within the copyright law of Fiji. (only 10% of photocopying is allowed from any printed material unless otherwise stated by the author or the publisher.) Materials photocopied can only be used for educational purposes.

Topic 1 Part B Study skills Note taking & summary writing Ref : Pinner, chpt. 7 pp 75 – 80, chpt. 8 pp 84 – 85; Gwen Mar – prepared notes for COM 501 : Academic Referencing: Using Harvard Citation Style

Note taking & Summary writing Saves time and increases the effectiveness of study. Good note -focus thinking, speeds up the process of learning. Permanent record of course requirement. Provides raw material for assessments – facts and figures. Summarizes ideas and arguments. Understand material.

Effective Note-taking Use headings and subheadings. Use abbreviations and symbols. Use key words that state essential information. Paraphrase the words of the speaker- paraphrase. Use a clear structure – introduction, body and conclusion. Use headings and subheadings to write your notes. Group related ideas together under one heading. Notes should be edited soon after writing.

Examples Introduction – intro Between – b/w Because – b/c Example – e.g. Introduction – intro Between – b/w Because – b/c To indicate an increase - ↑ To indicate a decrease - ↓ Conclusion – concl. Do not abbreviate each and every word, just common and long words.

Noting the main idea Three ways of identifying main ideas when cues not provided 1. By a process of elimination identify details, examples – so they will not be mistaken for main ideas, eg.

2. Identify the order in which the information is presented – most common order: (i) “main idea –example ”method A point is first made, then clarified (ii) “example-main idea method” – the main idea is introduced with cues ,eg Or some other words to indicate that all examples were given to prove a point

3. Make a tentative guess at which is the main idea, then check your guess whether the idea is supported by the details presented.

Noting the Details Listen for the details so you can take accurate, relevant and appropriate notes. Separate facts from opinions. Facts - statements of actuality, such as dates, formulae and names. Opinions –personal interpretations of facts .

Note taking methods 1. Outline notes Outline notes indicate relationships between pieces of information. The main topic is as a label or name rather than a completed idea. Letter and number notation makes outline clear.

Eg. Outline notes Triangles A. large B. small 1. blue 2. red & blue What do these drawings consist of? Triangles – title of outline Look for divisions – large, small, red, blue. Outline could be set out as shown below: Triangles A. large B. small 1. blue 2. red & blue Or 1. blue 2. red 1.1 large 2.1 small 1.2 small

2. Numbering System -Decimal Style This is a logical, easy-to-use style favored in most scientific and technical publications. It makes it simpler to refer quickly to a specific topic. 1.0 Main Idea 1 1.1 Supporting Idea 1 1.11 Detail 1.2 Supporting Idea 2 1.21 Detail 2.0 Main Idea 2 2.1 Supporting Idea 1 2.11 Detail 2.2 Supporting Idea 2 2.21 Detail

3. Diagrammatical Layout Title Main Idea Supporting Idea 1 Supporting Idea 2 Supporting Idea 3   Examples & detail Examples & detail Examples & detail

Diagrammatic Layout is particularly useful for future recall it represents graphically the essential relationship between the main ideas and supporting ideas. The main disadvantage of this method is the space it requires

4. Mind Maps The main topic is positioned at the center and the subtopics cluster around it. Less important information extend further out in branches.

Title – Pictorial Aids for report writing Main Idea 1 – Charts – flow, bar, pie Main Idea 2 - Tables Main Idea 3 – Photographs,pictures, illustrations Main Idea 4 - Graphs Stats, movements, changes, trends For stats to demonstrate changes and trends b/w, vivid,colour

Summary Writing 1. Summary is a condensed version of a larger reading. (condensed – reduced in length) ¼ length of the original. 2. Gives basic ideas of the original reading – basically what the author wants to communicate 3. Summary is usually paraphrased (use of own/other words)

How to produce a summary 1.Read the article to be summarized and be sure you understand it. 2.Outline the article. Note the major points – use your note taking method. 3.Write a first draft of the summary using the notes you have taken without looking at the article. 4.Always use paraphrase/own words when writing a summary. Do not copy phrases or sentences from the original. 5.Target your first draft for approximately 1/4 the length of the original.

The features of a summary 1.Start summary with a title 2.Check with your outline and original to make sure you have covered the important points. 3.Never put any of your own ideas, opinions, or interpretations into the summary. 4. Write using "summarizing language." Periodically remind your reader that this is a summary using phrases such as the article claims, the author suggests, etc. 6.Keep summary short. 7. Write paragraph(s) 8.Use own words

Conclusion The end Have a good day .