Chemical Reactions Text Reference: 8.2 (pg. 256 - 264)

Types: Synthesis Example C + O2 O C +  O C General: A + B  AB

Types: Decomposition Example: NaCl  Cl Na Cl + Na General: AB  A + B

Types: Single Replacement Example: Zn + CuCl2  Zn Cl Cu + Cl Zn Cu + General: AB + C  AC + B

Types: Double Replacement Example: MgO + CaS S O  Mg Ca + O S Mg Ca + General: AB + CD  AD + CB

Types: Combustion CHO + O2  CO2 + H2O CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O CH3OH + O2  CO2 + H2O Reactants: always oxygen with another compound that contains hydrogen and carbon Products: always CO2 + H2O

The Activity Series Text Reference: 8.3 (pg. 265 - 267)

We have looked at several reactions: Fe + CuSO4  Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 Li + H2O  LiOH + H2 The activity series ranks the relative reactivity of metals. It allows us to predict if certain chemicals will undergo single replacement reactions when mixed. Metals near the top are most reactive and will replace metals near the bottom. K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au

Q: Which of these will react? Fe + CuSO4  Ni + NaCl  Li + ZnCO3  Al + CuCl2  K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au No, Ni is below Na Yes, Li is above Zn Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 Yes, Al is above Cu NR (no reaction) Yes, Fe is above Cu Zn + Li2CO3 Cu + AlCl3

A: No for cold, yes if it is hot/steam Mg + H2O  hot H2O H2 + Mg(OH)2 The reaction with H2O depends on metal reactivity & water temp. Q: will Mg react with H2O? K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au cold H2O A: No for cold, yes if it is hot/steam Mg + H2O  hot H2O H2 + Mg(OH)2 steam Q: Zn + HCl  H2 + ZnCl2 acid Complete these reactions: Al + H2O(steam)  Cu + H2O  Na + H2O  H2 + Al(OH)3 NR H2 + NaOH

Other Activity Series Information All metals will have a specific place in the activity series. For simplicity, only the most common metals are shown. The metals near the top of the activity series are more reactive because their valence electrons are more easily removed.

Mg + AgNO3  Ag+ Mg(NO3)2 Cu + AgNO3  Ag+ Cu(NO3)2 Zn + AgNO3  Ag+ Zn(NO3)2 AgNO3 Zn + CuCl2  Cu + ZnCl2 Mg + CuCl2  Cu + MgCl2 CuCl2 NR Mg+ Fe(NO3)3  Fe+ Mg(NO3)2 Zn+ Fe(NO3)3  Fe+ Zn(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 NR

Homework P. 264 #1-3 P. 267 #1-3