Fragments/ Run-ons Elysa Hartati, M.Pd.

Is it sentence? Alice loved getting wedding presents. Then wrote thank-you notes. Especially old movies and soap operas. When I try to ride on the highway. They tried searching us. Yes No No No Yes

What is fragment? A fragment is a word group that lacks a subject or a verb and/or one that does not express a complete thought. FRAGMENT: Whenever I go to school. “Whenever” is a dependent word, can not introduce a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone. CORRECT SENTENCE: Whenever I go to school, I take the bus. The fragment introduces a complete thought.

Types of Fragments Dependent-word fragments -ing fragments Added-detail fragments Missing-subject fragments

Dependent-word Fragments Example: Since the young candidate was a graduate of Wayne Community College in 1985. This fragment has a subject and a verb but does not make a complete thought meaning it cannot stand on its own. The conjunction “since” makes the reader expect more to come with this sentence.

-ing Fragments Example: Approximately 275 students graduating with degrees in college transfer programs. In this type of fragment, there is not a subject and a verb. The problem is the –ing verb used alone in the sentence. To correct the problem, you could change the –ing verb to another verb, add a helping verb, or use the -ing verb as an adjective describing the subject and add a whole new verb for the sentence.

Added-detail Fragments Example: Before a race, I eat starchy foods. Such as bread and spaghetti. The carbohydrates provide quick energy. People think the subject and verb in one sentence will serve for the next word group. However, the subject and verb must be in each group.

Missing-subject Fragments Example: Mickey has orange soda and potato chips for breakfast. Then eats more junk food, like root beer and cookies, for lunch. There is no subject for the next word group that is supposed to be a sentence.

What is run-on? A run-on is two complete thoughts that are run together with no adequate sign given to mark the break between them. The term “run-on” refers to both comma splices and fused sentences.

Comma splices Comma splices are the most common kind of run-on. Students sense that some kind of connection is needed between two thoughts, so they often put a comma at the dividing point. Actually, a stronger, clearer mark is needed between the two complete thoughts Example: The bus stopped suddenly, I found myself in an old man’s lap. We heard a noise in the garage, two birds had flown in through the open window.

Fused sentences They have no punctuation to mark the break between the two thoughts. Example: The bus stopped suddenly I found myself in an old man’s lap. We heard a noise in the garage two birds had flown in through the open window.

Review Directions: Mark complete sentences with an S, sentence fragments with an F, and run-on sentences with RO. _____1. The man that I saw yesterday. _____2. He is not an exceptional student, he is only average. _____3. To know everything is quite impossible. _____4. Because I have no time. _____5. Open the door very cautiously. _____6. The rainfall this year was abundant, therefore, the crops will be plentiful. _____7. Having finished her dinner, Joy sat down to an evening of television. _____8. America, the greatest country in the world. _____9. I went in, I bought the gift. I drove straight home. _____10. Hurry up!

Analyze this below essay then revise it. Bad or Good Teacher Can Influence A Student A teacher is someone who becomes through in help the students to learn certain subject or give his/her students ideas of what the real world would be like. As a teacher, she/he must love his/her carrier to pass enthusiasm, to assists and to provide an enjoying environment for students. A real teacher will be through many years of training or experiences in the field. Teacher has a big responsibility in her classroom. He or she must prepare well in set up the rule of classroom. Those kind of teachers will probably have less problem in their classroom because they will not be able in manage the classroom. A bad or good teacher can have long-lasting impact on a student. In the past, the teacher was a student also. But the students never know if a good was or not. It depend on his/her first impression to their student. The teacher who has a bad behavior, automatically she/he don’t show when teach in class at first. If the teacher shows her/his bad behavior in school environment, it can influence her students. The bad of behavior the teacher such as smoke in school environment, speak not polite fellow teacher, came late all time, and throw the litter not in the dustbin. Beside that the simples’ thing for a bad teacher is to ignore his students and become careless. In other hand the good teacher not only instruct students in the classroom, they also develop lesson plans, grade papers, communicate with parents, establish classroom rules and monitor students during recess, lunch periods and between classes. All of good teachers will have impacts for their students. If a teacher laughs, students also laugh because teacher has responsibility for social behaviorism in the classroom. So, a good teacher will definitely have a good students and the reverse is right. As a result, we know that every human being has responsibility in their own mistake probably someone can make to easy. Because talk about more to the mistake that teacher do in some cases they forget the good ones.

Assignment Do all the exercises in this slide. Submit it in type writing on my desk, not later than Wednesday, 14th January 2015