The Industrial Revolution AP World History

Pre-Industrial Revolution Village life dominated – nearly self sufficient Most villagers were farmers – simple methods were used Entire family was involved Early industries – wool & coal (domestic system)

Industrial Revolution Begins In Great Britain Had capital Large scale farming Commerce Slave trade (?) Had natural resources Coal Iron ore Large network of rivers Good harbors Labor Supply Growing population Improved farming (crop rotation) Farm workers moved to industrial areas (enclosures) Entrepreneurs

Growth of Industry Growth of factories – use water, coal, and steam to power textile machinery Canals link coal fields and industrial centers Steam powered engines for ships and boats Spreads to France, Germany, and Northeastern United States Mass production from interchangeable parts, division of labor, and the assembly line

Effects of the Industrial Revolution World History

Positive Effects Increased world productivity Synthetic materials are developed New inventions improved quality of life for many Growth of railroads Death rates fell (people ate better and kept cleaner) Birth rates fell (family planning practiced because people didn’t need large families to ensure survival) Population growth stabilized New entrepreneurs emerge Labor eventually organizes (unions)

Positive Effects New opportunities for women Rise of the middle class – size, power, and wealth expanded Social structure becomes more flexible Mechanization increased farm production Application of science to study of health resulted in preventative medicine (?) Steamship travel allowed for Europeans to reach interior of continents

Negative Effects Handicraft workers were displaced (some fall into poverty) Child labor used in factories & mines Miserable working conditions - workplaces were cramped and dirty year round Monotonous work with heavy, noisy, repetitive machinery Dangerous working conditions – fingers, limbs & lives lost Long working hours – six days a week Rigid schedules ruled each day Gas, candle & oil lamps created soot and smoke in factories Diseases such as pneumonia & tuberculosis spread through factories

Negative Effects Coal dust in coal mines led to breathing problems Labor unrest leads to demonstrations (sometimes violent) Strikes take place Women were paid less then men (were actually preferred) Indentured workers Employers had a more impersonal relationship with employees Tenement housing was poorly constructed, crowded, and cold Human and industrial waste contaminated water supplies – typhoid and cholera spread

Negative Effects Air pollution increased over cities and industrial areas Technological changes eroded the balance of power in Europe Contributed to the growth of imperialism and communism (Marx’s & Engels’ theories) Produced weaponry that gave Western nations a military advantage over developing nations

Not Necessarily Good or Bad The location of work places changed as more goods were produced away from the home environment Educational systems emphasized more science, technology, and business A global economy began to emerge

Economic Effects New inventions and development of factories Rapidly growing industry in the 1800s Increased production and higher demand for raw materials growth of worldwide trade Population explosion and expanding labor force Exploitation of mineral resources Highly developed banking and investment system Advances in transportation, agriculture, and communication

Social Effects Increase in population of cities Lack of planning Loss of family stability Expansion of middle class Harsh conditions for laborers, including children Workers’ progress versus laissez-faire economic attitudes Improved standard of living Creation of new jobs Encouragement of technological progress

Political Effects Child labor laws to end abuses Reformers urging equal distribution of wealth Trade unions formed Social reform movements, such as utilitarianism, utopianism, socialism, and Marxism Reform bills in Parliament and Congress