Date of download: 10/18/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Peristaltic Contractions in Obstructed Ureter Flows J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4034307 Figure Legend: Velocity vectors for the spherical stones (a) 5% ureteral obstruction at time T/4, (b) 15% ureteral obstruction at time T/4, (c) 35% ureteral obstruction at time T/4, (d) 5% ureteral obstruction at time 3T/4, (e) 15% ureteral obstruction at time 3T/4, and (f) 35% ureteral obstruction at time 3T/4. (The proximal part of the ureter is on the left side of each figure and the distal is on the right).

Date of download: 10/18/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Peristaltic Contractions in Obstructed Ureter Flows J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4034307 Figure Legend: Initial computational mesh for the ureter model

Date of download: 10/18/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Peristaltic Contractions in Obstructed Ureter Flows J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4034307 Figure Legend: Geometrical model for the ureter; location A represents the location of different shapes and sizes of stones; also indicated in the figure are the pressure boundary conditions, Pin and Pout representing the proximal and distal ends, respectively, with Pin>Pout

Date of download: 10/18/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Peristaltic Contractions in Obstructed Ureter Flows J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4034307 Figure Legend: Wall shear stress for different obstruction cases at time T/4

Date of download: 10/18/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Peristaltic Contractions in Obstructed Ureter Flows J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4034307 Figure Legend: Velocity vectors for the different shapes of stones (a) spherical stone at time T/4, (b) cubical stone at time T/4, and (c) star-shaped stone at time T/4

Date of download: 10/18/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Peristaltic Contractions in Obstructed Ureter Flows J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4034307 Figure Legend: Calculations of (a) mass flow rate and (b) percentage change of mass flow rate from the unobstructed case, at the inlet of the ureter in the direction of the flow, for varying stones shapes, at times T/4, T/2, 3T/4, and T

Date of download: 10/18/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Peristaltic Contractions in Obstructed Ureter Flows J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4034307 Figure Legend: Pressure gradient magnitudes of the different shapes of the stones at time T/4

Date of download: 10/18/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Peristaltic Contractions in Obstructed Ureter Flows J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4034307 Figure Legend: Wall shear stress for different shapes of the stones at time T/4

Date of download: 10/18/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Peristaltic Contractions in Obstructed Ureter Flows J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4034307 Figure Legend: Backflow at the inlet (proximal to the stone) in the 35% stone obstruction case. The backflow velocity is the highest in the vicinity of the stone.

Date of download: 10/18/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Peristaltic Contractions in Obstructed Ureter Flows J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4034307 Figure Legend: Calculations of (a) mass flow rate and (b) percentage change of mass flow rate from the unobstructed case, at the inlet of the ureter in the direction of the flow, for varying obstructions, at times T/4, T/2, 3T/4, and T

Date of download: 10/18/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Peristaltic Contractions in Obstructed Ureter Flows J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(10):101002-101002-7. doi:10.1115/1.4034307 Figure Legend: Pressure gradient magnitude of the spherical stones along the axis of the ureter at time T/4