European Expansion Chapter 2

1000-1300 CE Small Trade Expansion Crusades to the Holy Land Islam expands into Africa Marco Polo Explores the Silk Road and China

Growth of Trade Merchants- Sellers who travel around the world Merchants begin traveling and bringing things back from their travels to sell to people Spices, silks, precious stones

Growth of Ideas The Renaissance explodes

The Original Big 3 Spain England Portugal

Better Technology Better maps Astrolabe Better Ships Caravel

African Trading Kingdoms Ghana Mali Songhai Empire Slave trade, spices, gold, diamonds, ivory Sharia Law

Exploration The 3 G’s Competition for gold

Dividing the World Line of Demarcation Pope draws a line down the middle of the Atlantic, Spain gets half, Portugal gets half

Amerigo Vespucci 1499 Mapping South America Hey wait a minute, this isn’t Asia

Vasco de Nunez de Balboa Hears of a “great water” on the western side of the continent Figures the land ends somewhere so I’ll try to find it First European to see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas

Ferdinand Magellan Wants to Circumnavigate the Globe The Ballad of Magellan

Spain in the New World We know Spain was very successful Look how many south and central American nations speak spanish Encomienda System The right to collect taxes from the land you rule Turns the Natives into slaves Plantation system begins

Protestant Reformation Martin Luther Religion should be accessible and free, no sale of indulgences John Calvin Your salvation is predecided King Henry VIII I want a divorce

Economics Mercantilism- A nations power is based on its wealth The New World is seen as the land of economic opportunity “Get Rich Quick” on resources

The Columbian Exchange

The Northwest Passage The Line of Demarcation leaves France, Britain, and the Netherlands out of the equation They settle where they want

Notable Explorers John Cabot Giovanni de Verranzo Jacques Cartier Sent by England to find the “Northwest Passage” Italian Giovanni de Verranzo Sent by France to find the “Northwest Passage” Jacques Cartier French explorer, Looking for the “Northwest Passage” Henry Hudson Dutch sailor, looking for a water route to the Pacific ocean Mutiny, set adrift, never seen again

French and Dutch Settlements French set up trading posts and begin to develop a “friendly” relationship with the Natives Dutch settle what is modern day New York including the island of Manhattan and name it New Amsterdam $23