Name: ____KEY__________________________ Date: _______________________ Per: ________ Chapter 4 Settlement of the Thirteenth Colony 1477-1752 Section 1: The Age of Exploration Learning Group 1: Terms middleman – a trader who buys goods from producers and sells them to other traders and consumers monarch – a king or queen mercantilism – a trade policy where a country exports more than it imports; colonies are expected to supply raw goods to the mother country indentured servant – a person who agrees to work for someone for a set period of time for passage To the ”New World” slave – a person who spends his/her entire life in service to others garrison – a fort where troops are housed colony – a group of people who settle in a new land but keep ties with their homeland Six Reasons People Traveled After Pre-History 1. spices 2. gold 3. riches 4. land 5. freedom from fear 6. just because they can James _Oglethorpe__________ built Fort _Frederica_________________ to _defend__________ The new colony of _Georgia_______________ from the _Spanish________ in _Florida___________. Signs of the Times: Population: from 114-120 people in 1733 to approximately 5,000 colonists in 1752 Life Expectancy: males: 30-40 years old females: much younger Children: life difficult – children age 6 or 7 had to work in the home or in the fields - :Lolling around” considered a sin or weakness – dressed the same as parents – played hop-scotch, cat’s cradle –fly kites - played with corn-husked dolls Literature: when they landed they got a bible and prayer book – popular authors: Anne Bradstreet. Samuel Pepys, and Ben Franklin artists Art/Architecture: brick 2 story houses/brick streets; paintings–pasture scenes, portraits by traveling

Sign of the Times: continued Music: hymns and “reels” Fashion:rough work cloths – fine social cloths – long dresses – hats/umbrellas – dyed bright colors Fads: dancing – esp. reels and the minuet – a slow dance from Europe Education: GA’s experiments in agriculture – grapes, oranges ,and corn – learned to raise silk worms Schoolmaster for boys- classics, Latin, Greek, and French – girls taught homemaking Learning Group 2: Section 1 An Age of Exploration European Trade:Europe traded with Asia through ports in the Mediterranean and along the land route Called the Silk Road Luxury items traded:dyes, silk, perfumes, drugs, gold, jewels, spices – pepper,cinnamon,nutmeg,cloves Describe Marco Polo’s 1477 Travels This __book__________ led many ___Europeans____________ to believe _China’s________ fabulous _riches_____ could be reached by _ship_______. First Europeans had to find a shorter __trade route____ to the Orient (Asia) before they could make these items available to the people. Search for New Trade Routes: First, looking for a trade route to the _Far__ East___ was Prince _Henry_____ the _Navigator____ from _Portugal_____. During the mid-1400’s he sent ships along the _southern_____coast of __Africa_____ in search of an _eastern_______ passage to the __Indian ______ _Ocean_______. Next, Bartholomew _Diaz___ rounded the tip of __Africa________ at the __Cape_______ _of__ ___Good______ __Hope______. Christopher _Columbus______ believed that the route to the __Far____ ___East_____ lay to the _west_____. Like most experienced __navigators_______ of his day he believed the _Earth____ was __round____. Finally, Queen _Isabella____ and King _Ferdinand________ of ___Spain_______ agreed to finance his _voyage______.

Search for New Trade Routes continued On August 3, __1492___, ___Columbus_______ a 41 year old _Italian_______ set sale from ___Palos___ _Spain___ hoping to reach _China____ and the _East____ Indies_____. His ships were the _Pinta___ __Nina_____, and the _Santa____ _Maria______. He landed on an island in the _Caribbean_____ ____Island_______ on October 12, __1492___. He named it ____San___ __Salvador________. Columbus thought he found the East Indies and a route to the east by going _west____. He named the natives ___Indians_____. What he found was named the “___New___ __World________.” _John___ __Cabot____ like Columbus was also from _Genoa____, _Italy__ and also sailed _west___ in _1497_______ sailing for the _English_____ he discovered _Newfoundland_____ located in present day __Canada______. Actually, he __rediscovered_______ it because _Lief__ __Erickson_______ discovered it in the year__1001__ and founded a settlement named __Vinland_________ but because of the area and unfriendly _Indians_______ the Norsemen returned to ___Greenland__________ In 1498 __Vasco_ de_ _Gama__ sailed around __Africa____ and reached __India_____. An ocean _trade__ _route_____ to the _Orient______ had finally been found. Amerigo __Vespucci_____ an Italian _navigator_____ had the honor of giving his name to the _New___ ___World___. Vespucci’s journal writings caught the eye of a mapmaker or ___cartogapher______ who in the year _1507____ named the “New World” __America____________. In 1522, _Ferdinand__ _Magellan____ reached Asia by sailing __west__ around the tip of ___South_____ _America______. It was long and hard. During this time Europeans were looking for the _Northwest__ __Passage______, an _all__ _water____ _route___ to Asia through the _North____ __American____ continent. Giovanni _Verrazano____ who sighted land in March _1524___ near what is today __Cape___ _Fear___, North _Carolina____. He did not go __south___ to far because he was afraid he might meet up with the __Spanish_______. Learning Group 3: Spanish Exploration of the New World _Spanish_ explorers were looking for _wealth_ in the Caribbean. In 1513 _Juan_ _Pounce_de _Leon___ discovered _Florida_. Vasco Nunez _de_ _Balboa_ crossed the Isthmus of_Panama_ to reach the _ Pacific_ _Ocean_. isthmus-a narrow strip of land w/ water on both sides that connect 2 larger…

Spanish Exploration of the New World continued Hernando _de_Soto____ found tremendous ___________ at the hands of the ___________ Indians. He killed their ruler _________________ and took their ____________ and ________________. Francisco _______________ went to __________ and conquered the ____________ ____________ in 1535. Pizarro captured the richest silver mines in the world. Spanish Exploration of Georgia In 1539, ____________ ___ _______ left ____________ with over ________ men and _______ horses, along with ________ and ________. He was headed toward what today is ____________. In ________ he entered the southwestern part of today’s _____________. They were looking for ______. They had ___________ and ___________ and rode ___________. They wore ___________ which _____________ could not pierce. Also the Native American’s died of _____________, ____________, ______________, and ______________ ______________. After de Soto came many explorers from ______________, _____________, and ________________. They all wanted the _____________. Learning Group 4: Early Spanish Missions In 1565, __________ sent Captain General ___________ _____________ to begin a ____________ In ______ ________________, _____________. About ________ men were left to establish a _____ on GA soil. The _______________ later established a mission on _____ ____________ ___________. Spain became rich and ________________. Other European nations resented ____________. Spain had to ____________ the countries of ______________ and _______________to hold onto its gains. War on the seas between Spain and ______________ took its toll on Spain. Sea Captains like ________ ___________, ___________ _____________, and ____________ _____________ captured __________________ gold, _____________ and other ______________ goods. The ____________ also attacked and burned ________________ settlements in the New World. Spain planned to attack ______________ at sea. _______________ was superior with superior ____________ and faster _______________.