Communication Workshop Hubble Telescope 安徽寿县安丰高中

Objectives In this lesson, we will be able to 1. practice matching paragraphs with headings; 2. practice matching written expressions with colloquial expressions; 3. classify and use linking words to express reason and purpose; 4. learn some idiomatic expressions; 5. write about an interesting subject.

Lead in Discussion (pair work) Who is she ? What is the story mainly about? According to the Chinese myth, Chang’E flew to the moon after taking some medicine which did wonders .

嫦娥一号（Chang’E 1），2007年10月24日18时05分成功发射升空。是我国自主研制，发射的第一个月球探测器，整个奔月过程需8－9天，绕月飞行一年，执行完任务后不再返回地球。 嫦娥一号于2009年3月1日16时13分10秒成功撞月，为二期登月工程做技术准备，并探测更深层的月壤。

More than a 1,000 years ago, it was merely a legend that Chang’e flew to the moon, the Chinese then never dreamt that such a legend would come true. Today with the advance of science and technology, the Chinese, in her ambitions to become a global space power, have made it to the moon .

The film (<<2001：太空漫步>>) , co-produced in 1968 by US and Britain, predicted that in the fictional universe, human developed faster-than-light space travel after surviving 21st-century WWIII .

Lead in Discussion (pair work) Upon seeing the pictures, what will come into your mind?

美国铱卫星公司的“铱 33” 卫星和俄罗斯的“宇宙2251” 军用通讯卫星于2009年2月10日在西伯利亚上空约800公里处相撞。截至美国东部时间12日上午的统计显示， 有500个到600个碎片在轨道漂浮。 －《新京报》2009年2月13日周五 A07版 It is the first known collision between 2 satellites that occurred on 10 February, 2009. Even though thousands of satellites have been launched, the low collision rate is caused due to the great vastness of space. However, a defunct Russian communication satellite named Cosmos 2251 smashed into an operational satellites named Iridium 33 over Siberia.

Both satellites were destroyed, which increases the risk that other operating satellites might be struck by a harmful fast-moving projectile. The collision occurred in low East orbit only 750 kms up, a height shared by moving satellites but significantly higher than the 350km- high human-occupied International Space Station (ISS). The collision could render future human spaces flights by increasing the risk of smash and decreasing the lifetimes.

启发意义：人类文明编年史从国家疆域，地球村落，进入光速世界。 Space exploration contributes not only to the improvement of the quality of human life, but also to our understanding of the interdependence of all beings. Let’s move to the text and see how the space has been explored during the last five decades ?

Before Reading : Guess the possible new words in the text. 1. China and Russia re-confirmed the boundary last year. the official line that marks the edge of a town, country, etc. draw a boundary boundary line

2.Most public facilities and transport are barrier-free in Beijing . a gate of fence preventing people from moving in a particular direction

3. The beauty of the primitive forest is striking. belonging to an early stage of human beings , plants or animals primitive forest

4. Jack seems to have become a permanent fixture in her life now. continuing, everlasting

6.A children’s toy---the top---spins around the point when it is twisted. turn around quickly

Pre-reading Prediction Just from reading the title Space: The Final Frontier, make a prediction about the main idea of this article and. Write it below. I think this article will be mainly about ___________________________________________ . Next, ask several questions that you would like to have answered by the time you finish this article. ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— .

Early Space Exploration Introduction Conclusion Into Deep Space First Reading (Individual Work) Ex.1 Read the article and match these headings with the paragraphs (A-F). C B A F D E Recent Interest Early Space Exploration Introduction Conclusion Into Deep Space China’s Contribution

Second Reading (Individual Work) Ex.2 Find sentences in the text that mean the same as these colloquial sentences. Paragraph letters are in brackets. The space age kicked off when they sent up Sputnik1. (B) The age of space exploration began in 1957, when Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviet Union. 2. The final part of early space exploration was the moon landing. (B) … ,which ended with the US putting a man on the moon in 1969

3. Space exploration is in again because of that new telescope. (C) Recently there has been another burst of interest in space as a result of the Hubble Telescope. 4. It’s so good that it’s found loads of new planets. ( C ) The telescope is so precious that over fifty new planets have been located beyond our solar system.

5. They ‘re going to send out cameras to find places like Earth. (D) Further space projects such as Deep Space, will send out cameras in order that they might find Earth-like planets where might be life.

Ex.3 Match these words with the idiomatic expressions from the text in italics. (1-5) all over the world, a stage on the way, the possibilities are endless, decreased, shown we’ve been there We have left our mark everywhere. 2. All four corners of the globe. 3. The number of manned flights dropped off. 4. It’s a stepping stone. 5. The sky is no longer the limit.

Third Reading : Ex.4 Classify the linking words underlined in the text as a or b. ( Individual Work) reason---explains the cause of an action b) purpose--- shows the aim of an action Para A. …our ancestors left Africa (1) to spread out all over the world. Para C. Recently there has been another burst of interest in space (2) as a result of the Hubble Telescope. Para C. It was launched in 1990 (3) so that astronomers could observe space without the Earth’s atmosphere being a barrier. purpose reason purpose

Para C. Other exciting developments include two other projects (4) for exploring our solar system… Para D. The international Space Station is now being built in the Earth’s orbit and soon will be working as a permanent manned scientific base, (5) so as to research life in space and provide a stepping stone (6) in case future manned flights are sent out. Para D. Further space projects such as Deep Space, will send out cameras (7) in order that they might find Earth-like planets where there might be life. purpose purpose reason purpose

Para E. The Success of Shenzhou V was important (8) as it was the first step in China’s manned space programme. Para E. The next step will be to send astronauts into the Earth’s orbit (9) in order to set up space stations to conduct experiments. Para E. (10) Due to China’s rapidly developing space programme, this could be sooner rather than later. reason purpose reason

Summary Quiz (Pair Work) so that in case for to as purpose in order to reason so as (not) to due to in order that as a result of

Linking Practice: Complete the text with the following words. P74 Ex 1 (Individual Work) in order, so as not to, for, in case, so that, a result, so as to, caused by, because, due to , order that The Apollo 13 mission was launched in April 1970 (1)________to continue the manned exploration of the moon. It had nearly reached the moon when the crew heard a loud explosion. An oxygen tank had exploded (2) _____to the failure of a thermostat. As (3) ______ of this, another oxygen tank also failed. The crew were 200,000 miles from Earth in a spaceship which, (4) ______ of the explosion, had lost most of its power ! The crew moved to another part of the spaceship and used the booster engines in (5) ___________they might set themselves on course for Earth. The journey back in order due a result because order that

was terrible. There were a lot of problems (6) ________ the lack of power. The crew members drank one fifth of their normal water intake (7) ___________ use up valuable water. They had to move air filters to a different part of the ship (8) ________ avoid a build-up of carbon dioxide. Whey they approached Earth, they got rid of the damaged part of the ship (9) ______ it exploded on entry. When the crew finally landed, they were greeted as heroes (10) _______ they had shown great courage. The disaster helped NASA to develop procedures (11) ___ rescuing space crews and double-checking Spaceship (12) _______ similar accidents would not happen again. caused by so as not to so as to in case because for so that

Ex.5 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1. Take an umbrella because it might rain. Take an umbrella in case ___________. 2. Bring your costume to swim in the river. Bring your costume so that ___________. 3. It’s foggy so you can’t drive fast. You can’t drive fast due to _________. 4. If you leave your telephone number, we will contact you. Leave your telephone number in order that ____________________ . it rains you can swim in the river. the fog we might contact you

5. My aunt’s coming so don’t come round. Don’t come round because of ________. 6. Check if he’s in by giving him a ring. Ring him up first in order to ____________ . 7. Wear warm clothes as the nights can be very cold. Wear warm clothes in case _____________ . 8. You are not permitted to work if you are on a student visa. You can’t work because of ____________ . my aunt check if he’s in the nights are cold your student visa

Fill In The Form With Detailed Information Country/Significance The Initial Stage of Space Exploration Event Time Country/Significance Sputnik 1 ________________ by Soviet Union 1962 the beginning of the space race between US and USSR 1969 US the launching of Hubble Telescope 1990 two other projects exploring solar system, looking for water on the moon the start of space exploration 1957 the first successful manned flight putting a man on the moon providing views such as dying stars and black holes, locating over 50 new planets

____________________ the International Space Station now being built further space projects such as Deep Space now to send cameras to find ____________________ in the next 20 years to be set up on the moon manned flights some time later to other planets China’s Contribution: the successful launch of DFH 1 Satellite in 1970; the successful launch (manned flight ) in 2003; the successful launch of Shen Zhou VII in 2008. as a permanent manned scientific base Earth-like planets a permanent base Conclusion: We are still in the initial stage of space exploration, but the possibilities are endless. Provided that people remain interested, the sky is no longer the final frontier.

Discussion ( in group of four ) 1. Why is the space the final frontier for human beings? 2. What do you know about the space exploration? 3. What do you think of China’s contribution to the international space exploration? 4. Your prediction about the future space exploration.

Words and Expressions fade ( away): vi. to gradually disappear e.g. Hopes of an early end to the financial crisis on the global level are beginning to fade. e.g. The applause faded away, leaving the speaker with a sense of unease. 2. drop off: to fall to a lower level or amount e.g. The employment rate of the graduates has dropped off rapidly due to the world-wide financial chaos. e.g. Interest in stocks and shares has dropped off recently as a result of financial slowdown.

e.g. Rather than go straight on to university, 3. rather than: instead of 而不是 e.g. Rather than go straight on to university, why not get some work experience first? e.g. The American newly-elected President Obama decided face rather than avoid the thorny challenges so as to keep his early promise. 4. have come a long way: to have made a lot of progress 有长足进步； 极大发展 e.g. We have come a long way since then, and one of the greatest stresses in the world today is loneliness. e.g. Computer science has come a long way since the 1970s.

Second Period Writing

the start of space exploration Quick Response About The Events According To The Text: ( Pair Work) 1957 1961 1969 1970 1990 2003 the start of space exploration the first successful manned flight US putting a man on the moon China’s successful launch of DFH the launch of Hubble Telescope China’s successful launch of SZ V

Important Elements in Writing introduction background or history the present situation the future conclusion

Writing an article for a local magazine about a subject you are interested in, follow the stages. Stage 1. Choose a subject that interests you, e.g. ballet, computers, the Olympics. Make a list of places where you can find information. Example  website--- www. ballet. com  magazine--- Dance today  books---The History of Ballet  television---Come Dancing  radio---arts programmes 对资料的占有和选择从技术和时空角度不可行 Stage 2. Find information. Write notes and organizes them into 5 paragraphs.

Stage 3. Use your plan to write an article. Stage 4. Check your article.

Narration When planning a narrative, the writer should consider these five aspects: 1. Context The immediate introduction of the topic will provide the readers a context. 2. Selection of details An adequate number of relevant details can give the readers a clear idea about what is happening. 3. Organization Events are usually related in chronological order. (One paragraph about significance of the writing or prediction can be added at the ending.) 4. Point of View The expression of views should be objective, truthful, which can lead to a natural conclusion. 5. Purpose There must be a purpose in a narrative, the writer should ensure that the total effect of the narrative should be in agreement with the purpose.

Writing Guide a piece of sensational news to attract the 1. Start with a legend ,a dramatic incident or a piece of sensational news to attract the readers’ attention to the timely introduction of the topic. 2. Use formal style to convey your personal opinions or preferences in the writing. 3. Avoid repetition to achieve varieties by use of synonyms, simple sentences and clauses.

Phrases: emergency exit / a team of technical expert/ Word Bank Words : endless possibilities/ a world of possibilities/ pioneer / shuttle / crew / conflict/ universe/ dilemma/ rescue/ breakthroughs /collide / collision / be out of use/ not in use / out of service /debries… Phrases: emergency exit / a team of technical expert/ the real purpose of the trip/an advanced alien civilization/ assist with repairs on sth./ suffer slight damage/ to carry out research / to discover other galaxies/ mark a turning point in / the latest discoveries in/ deliver the latest news / original state / primitive life/ the natural form / strange and confusing / be exposed/ be deliberately sent to / be described / be mapped / to experiment with / conduct research / space tourism / far-reaching finding / an orbiting hotel /left one’s mark/ all four corners of the globe/ stepping stones ...

Vocabulary And Sentences for Reference 1. Writing About Origins: 1. Since early times, … has its roots back in… 2. The age of … began in /( start with)… 3. The history of … goes back to… 4. The first … took place in… 5. Over… years ago,… 6. The desire to do … has been with us since… Writing About The Present: Recently, there has been renewed / (another burst of) interest in … Recent developments in the field include… Other exciting developments have been… One of the most ground-breaking state of the art technology has been used… … has been introduced … … is still in its infancy,

Vocabulary And Sentences For Reference 2 Writing About The Future: 1. The outlook is bright / gloomy. 2. The future looks rosy / grim. 3. Who knows what will happen in the future, but… 4. Some forecasts predict … 5. It is predicted that… 6. The field of … has enormous potential. 7. The next step will be to… Writing About Conclusion: 1. Finally, at last, in conclusion, and so, in a word, thus, to sum up, to summarize, 2. It can be concluded that… 3. It is no surprise that… 4. … this could be sooner rather than later.

Writing Space Exploration ___________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Assignment: Polish and evaluate your writing. Idea Excellent Good Acceptable Layout Language Handwriting

See You !

Background Information for Teachers’ Reference Sputnik 1. The Sputnik program was a series of robotic spacecraft missions launched by the Soviet Union. The first of these, Sputnik I, launched the first man-made object to orbit the Earth. The launch took place on October 4,1957 as part of the International Geophysical Year and demonstrated the viability of using artificial satellites to explore the upper atmosphere. Sputnik in Russian means literally “ satellite”, and its R-7 launch vehicle was designed initially to carry nuclear warheads.

Yuri Gagarin (1934---1968), Hero of the Soviet Union, was a Soviet cosmonaut. On April 12 1961, he became the first human in space and the first to orbit the Earth. The Hubble Space Telescope is named after the American astronomer Edwin Hubble. Hubble’s position outside the Earth’s atmosphere allows it to take extremely sharp images. Since the launch in 1990, Hubble has become one of the most important instruments in the history of astronomy. Hubble’s Ultra Deep Field image is the most detailed visible-light image of the universe’s most distant objects ever made.

The International Space Station (ISS) is a joint project among the space agencies of the United States (NASA), Russia (RKA), Japan (JAXA), Canada (CSA) and 11 European countries (ESA). The on-orbit assembly of ISS began in 1998. The ISS was also the destination of the first 5 space tourists. At US$600 billion, the ISS is the most expensive object ever built by humankind.

美军战略司令部公共事物官员雷吉娜.温切斯特少校于2009年2月12日接受新华社采访时说，据她所知， 目前各国没有回收太空中报废卫星的能力，但是随着各国发射卫星数量的上升， 太空变得“越来越拥挤”。 俄罗斯联邦航天局驻华首席代表亚历山大.罗金表示，美俄两星相撞造成的太空垃圾将增加新的撞击的可能性。 欧洲航天局项目负责人弗朗索瓦.克莱瓦强调“比起国际空间站和大多数卫星，哈勃望远镜，因其自身没有驱动设备受到的威胁可能更大一些” 用“浩瀚”形容星空,除了描述其大之外,还包含另外一层意思,就是彼此遥远而无法相遇。目前在太空中已有了近6000 个航天器，不少因为失效而成为太空垃圾或分解为碎片。航天工作者一直在小心翼翼规划新的太空探索路线。

随着地球资源的日渐开发，人们自然会意识到外太空是下一个征服的空间。人类对于外太空的开发仍然是各国自行主导，甚至是竞争式的。外太空的确辽阔，但轨道资源毕竟有限，目前仍然缺乏一个行之有效的，为各国所接受的开发规则。对外太空的征服， 既是考查各国的科技发展水平，同时也是考查人类利用自然，与自然和谐相处的能力及背景各国间合作进取的能力。 人类将这种向外太空的进军视为文明进步的标志。但同时也应重视在科学探索进程中人们所要面临的风险和挑战。在全球化下，进行科技分享和秩序重建。有必要制定太空过道“交通规则”。 随着外层空间重要性的不断上升，航天空间已成为当今维护国家安全和发展利益的战略制高点。早在20世纪60年代，美国前总统肯尼迪就明确声称：“ 谁控制了宇宙， 谁就控制了空间，谁就控制了战争的主动权”

Several Choices of Topics: Ballet Peking Opera 3. Internet 4. Computer 5. Paper Cutting 6. Mobile Phones 7. The Olympic Games 8. Research on Solar Energy and Application