Organic Compounds Organic compounds can be formed by living material and also in the lab.

Carbon Compounds found in organisms consist mainly of CARBON atoms that are joined together and arranged in chains or rings.

Carbon’s electrons Carbon has 4 electrons in it’s outermost energy level It can make 4 covalent bonds with other Carbon atoms or other elements. Carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds

Monomers Carbon atoms bond to form simple molecules called monomers Monomers join to form complex molecules called polymers Polymers are chains of similar monomers linked together

Condensation Reaction (Dehydration Synthesis) Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction called condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis. Monomers join by releasing water Polymers are broken down by hydrolysis

Carbohydrates Made of – C, H, O Monomer – Monosaccharide Polymer – Polysaccharides such as: Starches and Cellulose Tests : Monomers (Glucose)– Bennedict’s with heat turns orange Polymer (Starch) – Lugols (iodine) turns dark blue Uses - Energy

Proteins Made of – C, H, O, N Monomer – Amino acid Polymer – Polypeptide Tests : Biuret’s – Turns purple Uses – Enzymes, Structural, Defense, Receptors

Lipids Made of – C, H, O, Monomer – Fatty acid Polymer – Lipid Tests : Brown paper bag – grease spots Uses – Insulation and cellular membranes

Nucleic Acids Made of – C, H, O, N, P Monomer – Nucleotide Polymer – DNA and RNA Tests : None Uses – Carries genetic information