Earth Mars Saturn Uranus Jupiter Uranus and Neptune Venus 1. Name the planet….. Earth Mars Saturn Uranus Jupiter Uranus and Neptune Venus

2. Why is Venus called Earth’s twin? They are almost the same size. 3. What force pulls objects together? gravity

4. How long does it take Earth to complete one revolution? One year ( 365 days) 5. How long does it take Earth to complete one rotation? One day (24 hours)

6. If Earth’s rotation slowed, what would happen to an Earth day? It would be longer—more than 24 hours. 7. What is the sequence that describes a space rock that falls to Earth’s surface? Meteoroid, meteor, meteorite

8. In general what condition on the planets is MOST affected by its distance from the Sun? temperature 9. What is the order of the planets from the Sun to the edge of our solar system? Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

10. What is the order of the planets by size from smallest to largest? Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth, Uranus, Neptune, Saturn, Jupiter 11. If Earth’s revolution increased and its rotation decreased, what would happen to the length of our days and years? Earth’s year would be shorter; an Earth day would be longer

12. An astronaut who weighs 90 kilograms on Earth weighs 15 12. An astronaut who weighs 90 kilograms on Earth weighs 15.3 kilogram on the moon. What does this tell you about gravity on the moon compared to gravity on the Earth? Earth’s mass and gravity are greater than Moon’s mass and gravity 13. What are the other names for the group of planets called the inner planets? terrestrial planets and rocky planets

What are the other names for the group of planets called the outer planets? gas giants; gaseous planets 15. How does gravity affect how far you can jump on other planets? The greater the mass of a planet, the greater the gravity, and the shorter the distance you can jump.

16. What would happen to the water on Earth if we were closer to the sun? It would evaporate 17. What are the heavier gases that make up most of the mass of Uranus and Neptune? Methane, ammonia, water

19. What do scientists think each of the four gas giants have deep in its center? A solid core 20. What is produced by Jupiter’s fast rotation? Fast winds and stormy weather 21. How many Earth years does it take Jupiter to go around the Sun once? Jupiter takes 12 Earth years to orbit the Sun.

22. What are Jupiter’s white stripes? Cold clouds may of crystals of frozen ammonia 23. What are the types of space objects in the solar system? Planets, moons, asteroids, comets 24. What is the unit of measurement used for the distances of planets from the Sun? AU –astronomical unit

25. What is the unit of measurement used for the sizes of planets? kilometers 26. Why is the unit of measurement used for the distances of planets from the Sun different from the unit used for their sizes? Distances of planets from the Sun are too great to use kilometers. An astronomical unit is much greater than a kilometer.

27. How did the planets and other objects in the solar system form out of material in a disk? The solid material stuck together in clumps, and the clumps stuck together and became larger. 28. Why do the planets all orbit in one direction? The planets formed out of material that was moving around in one direction. Venus is the exception since it rotates and revolves in the opposite direction.

29. Why do planets and large moons have spherical shape? Gravity pulled in parts that stuck out. 30. What is the difference between revolution and rotation? Give an example of each AND draw and label a diagram of each. A revolution is the motion of one object around another object. Ex. The Earth revolves around the Sun. It takes the Earth one year (365 days) to complete one revolution. Rotation is the turning of an object on its axis. Ex. The Earth rotates on its axis. It take one day (24 hours) to complete one rotation.

32. Why are the gas giants dense inside? 31. How can an atmosphere affect the temperature of a planet’s surface? An Atmosphere is like a blanket. It can make a surface warmer and more uniform in temperature. 32. Why are the gas giants dense inside? Gravity pulls the material together and makes the gases very dense.

33. Which planet has a greater mass than all the other planets put together? Jupiter 34. What do you see instead of a solid surface when you look at an image of a giant planet? layers of clouds 35. Which planets have rings? All the outer planets

Uranus and Neptune have methane gas which gives them a blue color. 36. Why do Jupiter and Saturn show a lot of white, while Uranus and Neptune are more blue in color? Uranus and Neptune have methane gas which gives them a blue color. 37. Most of Saturn is much less dense than most of Earth. Yet Saturn’s mass is much greater than Earth’s mass. How can this be so? Saturn is so much larger than Earth that its total mass is greater.

38. Why do scientists know less about Pluto than about Mars? No spacecraft has been close enough to Pluto to get clear images. 39. What are asteroids? small, solid, rocky bodies 40. Between which two planets are most asteroids found? What is this huge area called? Most asteroids are between Mars and Jupiter in an area called the Asteroid Belt.

41. Why do asteroids have craters? Asteroids experience impacts that cause craters, and the craters are usually not erased by other processes. 42. Draw a diagram of a comet and label coma, nucleus, tail.

43. In what part of a comet’s orbit is its tail longest? when it is nearest the Sun 44. Which direction does a comet’s tail always point? Away from the Sun 45. What is the difference between a meteoroid, a meteor, and a meteorite? A meteoroid is a chunk of matter in space. A meteor is a flash of light when a meteoroid burns in Earth’s atmosphere. A meteorite is a chunk of matter that hits Earth’s surface.

46. What causes the brief streak of light known as a meteor? a meteoroid that burns up in the atmosphere is a meteor 47. Even though orbits are ellipses, what shape is a typical planet’s orbit most like? A circle

48. Describe the nebular theory. The nebular theory states that the solar system began as a huge cloud of gas and dust called a nebulae, which later condensed to form the Sun and its eight planets. 49. Explain the heliocentric model of the solar system. The prefix helio- means Sun. The heliocentric theory means the solar system is Sun centered. The Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.

51. Draw and label the layers of the Sun.