Pratt & Cornely Chapter 1

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Presentation transcript:

Pratt & Cornely Chapter 1 Intro to Biochemistry Pratt & Cornely Chapter 1

The Study of Biochemistry The Basic Questions What are we made of? How do we store and use energy? How do we pass on genetic information? The Language of Chemistry General Chemistry Organic Chemistry

Fundamentals General Chemistry Organic Chemistry Thermodynamics Kinetics Organic Chemistry Structure Intermolecular forces Reactivity

Biomolecules

Problem 17 Compare the solubilites in water of alanine, glucose, palmitate, and cholesterol. Explain.

Biopolymers Amino acid Protein (peptide bond) NucleotideDNA/RNA (phosphodiester bond) Carbohydrate polysaccharide (glycosidic bond)

Structure Dictates Function

Free Energy Problem 35. Enthalpy Entropy DG = DH – TDS Spontaneous Exergonic exothermic Problem 35. Urea dissolves readily in water. The beaker containing the dissolved compound is cold to the touch. What conclusions can you draw about the sign of the enthalpy change and the entropy change for this process?

Redox Reactions of Carbon Oxidation: lose electron(s) Gain C-O/lose C-H Spontaneous Reduction: gain electron(s) Gain C-H Nonspontaneous

Oxidation States of Organic Molecules Determine Oxidation State of atom +1 for each bond to electronegative atom 0 for bond to same element -1 for bond to hydrogen In a reaction, consider all atoms that change Oxidation, Reduction, or neither?

Basic Tour of the Cell Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes Cellular membranes Environmental equilibrium Cytoskeleton