and Jussive Subjunctive Subjunctive Mood and Jussive Subjunctive

Verbs Have Moods indicative – makes a statement; asks a question imperative – makes a command subjunctive – expresses a wish or a contrary-to-fact idea

Identify the mood of each verb: indicative or imperative. Don’t walk in the road! Help me, please. Will you please help me? You are walking in the road. imperative indicative

Now, let’s look at subjunctive mood. If Marcus had given me money, I would have bought dinner. I wish I were in Italy right now. Would that you had listened!

Translating Subjunctive Mood typically, not translated out of context therefore, look for subjunctive verbs in sentences

Subjunctive Tenses FOUR tenses: present, imperfect, perfect, pluperfect Let’s learn how to form present tense of subjunctive mood. . . .

Forming Present Subjunctive change vowel on present stem 1st conj: a  e 2nd conj: ē  ea 3rd conj: e  a 3rd io and 4th conj: i  ia Then add active or passive verb endings.

Forming Present Subjunctive change vowel on present stem 1st conj: a  We 2nd conj: e  hear 3rd conj: i  a 3rd io and 4th conj: i  liar Then add active or passive verb endings.

Okay, let’s compare: 1st = portas 2nd = doces 3rd = ponis Indicative 1st = portas 2nd = doces 3rd = ponis 3rd io = capis 4th = munis Subjunctive 1st = portes 2nd = doceas 3rd = ponas 3rd io = capias 4th = munias

Change the verbs on the left in indicative mood to subjunctive mood. canit speramus terrent interficitis Subjunctive canat speremus terreant interficiatis

Now, we’ll see how to translate verbs in present subjunctive. Jussive Subjunctive expresses the will of the speaker English sentence begins with “Let” must use present subjunctive use “nē” for “not”

Sentences with Jussive Semper memoriā teneamus. Romam autumnō moveamus. Nē militēs vulnerentur.

Sentences with Jussive 1) Semper memoriā teneamus. Let us always remember. 2) Romam autumnō moveamus. 3) Nē militēs vulnerentur.

Sentences with Jussive 1) Semper memoriā teneamus. Let us always remember. 2) Romam autumnō moveamus. Let us move to Rome in the fall. 3) Nē militēs vulnerentur.

Sentences with Jussive 1) Semper memoriā teneamus. Let us always remember. 2) Romam autumnō moveamus. Let us move to Rome in the fall. 3) Nē militēs vulnerentur. Let the soldiers not be wounded.

Review jussive uses present subjunctive only “nē” = “not” begin jussive sentence with “let”

Nē miles Romanus in balneō canat.

Nē miles Romanus in balneō canat. Let the Roman soldier not sing in the bath.

Mulier digna, cuius coniunx est senator, in silentiō ad eum stet.

Mulier digna, cuius coniunx est senator, in silentiō ad eum stet. Let the worthy wife, whose husband is a senator, stand near him in silence.

Let’s practice some more. Change the verbs below to subjunctive. constituuntur claudo ridemus

Let’s practice some more. Change the verbs below to subjunctive. constituuntur claudo ridemus constituantur claudam rideamus

Let’s practice some more. Change the verbs below to indicative. consulatur moneant spectem consulitur monent spectō

Now, it’s time to look at our textbooks.