Mood is one of the ways of expressing modality and denotes the relation between the utterance made by the speaker and actuality. In the Subjunctive Mood the action/state is presented as a non- fact.

Forms of the Subjunctive Mood The action refers to the present/future Mood The Present Situation Present Subjunctive I insist he do it Past Subjunctive He wishes she were smarter Non-factual Past Indefinite He wishes he knew the truth It is stuffy as if they never aired the room Present Conditional We should go for a walk but it is raining Present Modal Phrase It is possible he may go away It is necessary he should do it

Non-factual Past Indefinite The action is simultaneous with another action in the past, or follows it Mood The Past Situation Present Subjunctive I insisted he do it Past Subjunctive He wished she were smarter Non-factual Past Indefinite He wished he knew the truth It was stuffy as if they never aired the room Present Conditional Present Modal Phrase It was possible he might go away It was necessary he should do it

Mood The action refers to the past. (It is prior to the moment of speech or another action in the present) Mood The present situation Non-Factual Past Perfect I wish I hadn’t lost the key He speaks as if he had lived in England all his life. Past Conditional If I were you, I wouldn’t have informed her that news. Past Modal Phrase My sister is surprised he shouldn’t have succeeded. It is possible he may have gone away.

Mood The action is prior to another action in the past The past action Non-factual Past Perfect I wished I hadn’t lost the key. He spoke English as if he had lived in England all his life. Past Conditional If you had warned me, I wouldn’t have informed her that news. We should have gone for a walk but it was raining. Past Modal Phrase My sister was surprised he shouldn’t have succeeded. It was impossible he might have gone away.

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