Carbohydrates Make up sugars and starches

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Carbohydrates Properties Controlled by Structure

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Presentation transcript:

Carbohydrates Make up sugars and starches Contain a hydroxyl (OH) group Contain atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The ratio of the atoms is 1 C : 2 H : 1 O Provide energy to the cells. Dissolve in water (hydrophilic) Emphasize the importance of carbohydrates to living things.

Types of Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are classified according to size. One sugar is a monosaccharide (monomer). Two sugars make a disaccharide. Many sugar molecules linked together form a polysaccharide (polymer).

Monosaccharide Milk Sugar Fruit Sugar Types of Carbs Use image to discuss the structure of the two simple sugars and their molecular formula C6H12O6. Use the InterWrite tablet to circle the functional group. Types of Carbs

Disaccharide Differentiate between the simple sugars and the complex sugar. Again, emphasize the structure and molecular formula C12H22O11. Use the InterWrite tablets to circle the functional group. Maltose is two glucose molecules; forms in digestive tract of humans during starch digestion. Types of Carbs

Complex Carbohydrates The large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides are known as polysaccharides.

Starch is straight chain of glucose molecules with few side branches. Polysaccharide Identify the structure of the polysaccharide. Highlight for students how the long chains of monomers form this polymer. Also, use the InterWrite tablets to circle the functional group. Starch is straight chain of glucose molecules with few side branches. Types of Carbs

Complex Carbohydrates Many animals store excess sugar in a polysaccharide called glycogen. When the level of glucose in your blood runs low, glycogen is broken down into glucose, which is then released into the blood. The glycogen stored in your muscles and liver supplies the energy for muscle contraction.

Complex Carbohydrates Plants use a slightly different polysaccharide, called starch, to store excess sugar. Plants also make another important polysaccharide called cellulose, which gives plants much of their strength and rigidity. Insects and fungi have a complex carbohydrate, chitin, used for exoskeletons and cell walls.