What are elements & compounds? On a full size piece of paper- 1. Write a definition for each 2. Draw a diagram of each 3. Give an example of each

ELEMENT Matter made out of one type of atom Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

COMPOUNDS 3. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS -TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS BONDED SYMBOLIZED BY A FORMULA C6+H12+O6 = C6H12O6 glucose Reactants Product H2+O=H2O Water

Elements that are in life forms Carbon –sugars, cell walls of plants Hydrogen –fats, Nitrogen –major element in making proteins-skin, hair, organs Oxygen -all cells, tissues and organs Phosphorous -our DNA/RNA

Elements can Change their physical appearance when creating compounds WHEN COMPOUNDS FORM THEIR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHANGE Na, SODIUM IS A SILVER METAL, Cl, CHLORINE IS A YELLOW, GAS

If two substances are made of the same material… they will exhibit the same Physical and Chemical properties

Physical Properties of Matter Color Shiny Boiling point Melting point Density Mass

CHEMICAL CHANGES OF MATTER Matter Changes to new a SUBSTANCE Permanently altered Often requires energy Very difficult to reverse the process Burning a lump of coal-gas is released, ash is left Break bond of H2O, separate into H & O More Examples: Rusting Decomposition Leaves changing color Temperature change Fizzing /Bubbles

D. Physical Changes of Matter Matter does not change into a new substance Can be measured, does not change identity of matter Examples: Change in size/shape, cutting, folding Color Change in volume, mass, space

COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN CARBON are considered organic, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN CARBON are considered organic, CO2 IS THE EXCEPTION THERE ARE MILLIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND COMBINATION WHY? Let’s find out https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gM5ngVHmoA

Let’s look at carbon, Each Electron is a Potential? BOND 1. 2. 4. 3.

elements bonding create shape Glucose sugar C6H12O6 in plants Keratin protein C28H48N2O32S4 in skin,hair

IV. COMPOUNDS OF LIFE http://www. pbs THERE ARE FOUR GROUPS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FOUND IN LIVING THINGS: CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACID Serving Sizes

OUR BODY REQUIRES IT FOR ENERGY WHY EAT CARBS? OUR BODY REQUIRES IT FOR ENERGY

POLYMERIZATION- A Process of building molecules BUILDING LARGE COMPOUNDS USING SMALLER COMPOUNDS MER-MEANS PART A SINGLE COMPOUND IS A MONOMER Dimer two monomers THREE OR MORE COMPOUNDS TOGETHER ARE POLYMERS MANY POLYMERS ARE KNOWN AS MACROMOLECULES

1. CARBOHYDRATES COMPOSED OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, AND OXYGEN (1:2:1 RATIO) C6H12O6 –GLUCOSE. Building block SIMPLE FORM KNOWN AS MONOSACCHARIDE single sugar

MONOSACCHARIDES can be carbon chains as well FRUCTOSE GALACTOSE GLUCOSE

Disaccharide 2 mono’s bonded

How carbohydrates help with survival Tardigrades AKA Water Bears Can survive extreme environments Why? How? Tehalose disaccharide sugar in their membranes http://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/achieving-suspended-animation-with-help-from-the-water-bear/ 17 min audio

How do you get one monomer to bond to another one? Remove the water! Dehydration Synthesis http://www.bcconline.com/biol10rs/Pearson-Animations/monomers_and_polymers.swf

Large Carbohydrates Polymers 3 TYPES – 1. Glycogen 2. STARCH 3. Cellulose Many bonded MONOMERS of glucose

Starch-POLYSACCHARIDES 1. STARCH: A Polysaccharide (big sugar) STORED IN PLANTS FOR ENERGY USE

Cellulose-polysaccharide 2. CELLULOSE: GIVE PLANTS STRENGTH & STRUCTURE AKA Fiber! Plant cell walls Tree Bark

Glycogen polysaccharide GLYCOGEN: STORED IN MUSCLES AND LIVER OF ANIMALS BREAKS DOWN into GLUCOSE for energy

GLYCOGEN IS STORED IN THE LIVER & MUSCLES for energy