The Crusades Aim: What was the goal of the crusades? Did the Crusaders achieve their goal?

Crusades The Crusades were a series of battles between Christians and Muslims in the Middle East. Christian knights wanted to take the Holy Land and give it back to Christians.

The Holy Grail (cup that held some of Christ’s blood from cross) Motivation: Wealth & Land Loved to fight Adventure Free Ticket to Heaven The Crusaders were also looking for the relics (holy artifacts) of Christianity. Can you name any? The Holy Grail (cup that held some of Christ’s blood from cross) Spear of Destiny (spear which Roman Soldier poked Christ on cross) Ark of the Covenant (held the 10 Commandments) Christ Burial Shroud (cloth that covered Christ in tomb) Cross (Christ’s) Pieces scattered all throughout the world and many others

The Shroud of Turin

Prior to Crusades Jerusalem itself was a multicultural city. Jews, Muslims and Christians all lived together harmoniously. Christians on pilgrimages to Jerusalem were freely allowed across to the Holy Places

Alexius I of Byzantine Empire Asked For Help and Pope Urban II Called For the 1st Crusade “God wills it!”

The Crusades The Crusades were a series of eight (8) military campaigns to the Holy Land and Jerusalem. The Christians (Crusaders) were fighting the Muslims for control of Jerusalem, the Christians most holy city. The Christians took control of Jerusalem, but then lost it again.

Major Figures of the Crusades Pope Urban II Called for 1st Crusade Alexius I Byzantine Emperor threatened by Muslims Calls for help (Pope Urban II) Saladin Successful Muslim leader who retakes Jerusalem from Christians. Richard the Lionheart Famous Christian leader captured the city of Acre in the Third Crusade.

Success of the Crusades??????? The 1st Crusade was the only successful one!!! Jerusalem captured 1099 Crusader States established 1187 Saladin recaptures Jerusalem Slowly takes over Crusader States Crusades lasted over a period of 200 years Fourth Crusade Christians vs Christians 1291 last Christian outpost taken by Muslims Port city of Acre

Impact of the Crusades Persecution of Jews and Muslims Hatred between Christians & Muslims Economic development via increase in trade Monarchs gained power due taxation Catholic Church lost power Breakdown of Feudalism Deeping split between Eastern & Western Christianity Interest in Learning Leads to Exploration & Renaissance Byzantine Empire weakened

The Reconquista Reconquista (Reconquest) Kingdom of Portugal and Spain are established on the Iberian Peninsula Both Christian kingdoms Spain > Ferdinand & Isabella (King/Queen) Reconquista (Reconquest) Drive Muslims (called Moors) out of Iberian Peninsula Ferdinand & Isabella establish religious unity Only Roman Catholicism Inquisition Church Court to try people for heresy Jews & Muslims pushed out of Spain