Middle Ages P 528-532

World at the time of the Crusades

Crusades Palestine (Holy Land) in hands of Muslims 1000’s Turkish Muslims capture Jerusalem and attack pilgrims Attack Byzantine Empire-emperor asks Pope for help Pope Urban II- call Christians to retake Holy Land from Muslims Join Pope’s army Sew cross on clothes (Crusades) Rally cry “God wills it”

1st Crusade- 1096 AD Peasants- attack Jews in Germany on the way Killed by Turks before reaching the Holy Land Nobles- reach Jerusalem in 1099 and took city Set up 4 small kingdoms and set up vassal system

The Church of the Holy Sepulcher

2nd Crusade- 1147 AD French and Germans Total defeat Muslims retook lands lost to Christians in the 1st Crusade

3rd Crusade- 1189 AD French, German, and English kings took part Germany king died on way, French king left English king remained- King Richard I Fought Saladin stalemate

Saladin vs Richard the Lionhearted

4th Crusade- 1201 AD French arrive in Venice to sail to Holy Land No money for passage Venetians ask knights to conquer Zama in return for passage Sack Constantinople and looted

End of Crusades 1291- Muslims have Holy Land Fail 1-huge distance 2- weren’t prepared for the climate 3- outnumbered 4- fought amongst themselves

Effects Trade grew- brought spices and goods back to Europe Ideas exchanged Kings grow in power Towns grow Christian/Muslim relations strained