The Crusades

Definitions Crusades: A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims Holy Land: Region where Jesus had lived, preached, and died. (Palestine)

Causes of the Crusades Late 1000’s: Turkish Muslims captured Jerusalem Turks attacked: Christian Pilgrims Byzantine Empire

Causes of the Crusades Byzantine Emperor asks help from: Pope Urban III Response: Pope agreed to help

Causes for the Crusades Byzantine religion: Orthodox Christian Pope’s religion: Roman Catholic

Call to Arms Pope Urban’s call: Asked all Christian’s to retake the Holy Land Response: Thousands joined the Pope’s army

Call to Arms Training site: France The sowed crosses meaning: Fighting for God

Call to Arms Crusade: Marked with a cross Rally Cry: “God wills it!”

Call to Arms 5 reasons for fighting: 1. Save their souls 2. God would like it 3. Land 4. Adventure 5. Treasure

First Crusade 1096: Crusaders left for the Holy Land What caused the German war: Crusaders blamed Jews there for Jesus’ death

First Crusades 1099: Nobles & Knights reached Jerusalem One month later: Christians conquer Jerusalem

First Crusades Crusader’s setup: Four small kingdoms Was it successful: No, they are eventually overthrown

Second Crusade 1147: French and German Kings tried to retake land from Muslims Why did it fail: Poor Planning Heavy losses on the Journey

Third Crusade Cause: Muslims retook Jerusalem Christian invaders: England France Germany

Third Crusade What happened to: Germany’s king: Died France’s King: Withdrew

Third Crusades King Richard I (The Lion-Hearted): King of England who lead the Crusade Admired for his bravery by the Muslims

Third Crusade Who is Saladin: Muslim Leader Brilliant leader Respected for his kindness towards his enemies Winners: Muslims

Fourth Crusade 1201: French knights arrive in Venice Voyage paid by: Venetians

Fourth Crusade In return for: Conquering Zara Knights also attacked: Constantinople Who won: Muslims

End of Crusades Four reasons for the Crusades failure: 1. Had to travel far to reach war 2. Unprepared for the desert climate 3. Christians were outnumbered 4. Leader fought among themselves

Crusades change Europe Three effects of the Crusades: 1. Trade between Europe & Asia 2. Kings became more powerful 3. Tensions between Christians, Jews, and Muslims grew