Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design Spring Design

Disk (Belleville) springs Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design Types of Springs Helical springs Compression helical springs Tension helical springs Torsion helical springs Leaf springs Conical springs Disk (Belleville) springs Ring springs Spiral springs Torsion bear spring Air springs Liquid springs Rubber springs

applications in machinery Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design applications in machinery Springs are used to control forces due to impact or shock loading and to control vibration. Springs are employed to control motions and to apply forces to members. Springs are used for storing energy, in clocks, switch-throwing devices, and starters. Springs are employed to measure forces, as in scales. Spring Rate For springs in series the spring rates add reciprocally The individual spring rates add directly

Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design Spring Materials Shear strength

Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design

Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design

Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design

Helical Spring Helical Compression Springs Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design Helical Spring Helical Compression Springs The force ' P ' applied at each end at a distance ' R ' from the center of the wire produces a torsional moment Stresses in Helical Compression Spring Coils Torsional shear stress Transverse Shear Stress A curvature correction factor attributed to 'A.M'. Wahl results in the following =3 and 12

Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design

Spring Rate Deflection Castigliano's theorem Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design Spring Rate Deflection Castigliano's theorem The deflection due to torsional loading

End Conditions and Spring Length Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design End Conditions and Spring Length

The torsional strengths of spring wire vary depending on the material Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design The torsional strengths of spring wire vary depending on the material

Designing Helical Compression Springs for Static and Fatigue Loading Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design Designing Helical Compression Springs for Static and Fatigue Loading The safety factor for static loading the dynamic safety factor All spring-steel wire of ( > 10 mm) diameter exhibits a torsional endurance limit for infinite life

Helical Extension Springs Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design Helical Extension Springs

Coil Preload in Extension Springs End Stresses in Extension Springs Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design Coil Preload in Extension Springs End Stresses in Extension Springs The bending stress at point ' A ' The torsional stress at point ' B ' ' C2 ' should be greater than ' 4 '

Helical Torsion Springs Deflection of Torsion Springs Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design Helical Torsion Springs equivalent number of coils The number of active coils ' Nb ' is the number of coils in the spring body Deflection of Torsion Springs The factor ' 10.2 ' is usually increased to ' 10.8 ' to account for the friction between coils

Coil Stresses in Torsion Springs Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design Coil Stresses in Torsion Springs maximum compressive bending stress at the inside coil diameter the tensile bending stress components at the outside coil diameter The torsional-endurance limit data for helical compression springs be adapted for bending by using the von Mises relationship between torsion and tension loading

Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design Leaf Springs The maximum moment occurs at ' x = L'

Belleville Spring Washers Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design Belleville Spring Washers

Stresses in Belleville Washers Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design Stresses in Belleville Washers

Load-Deflection Function for Belleville Washers Muhannad Al_Waily_Machines Systems Design Load-Deflection Function for Belleville Washers The load at the flat position ( y = h ) Designing Belleville Springs