The World of Music 6th edition Part 4 Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11: Music of the Classic Period (1750-1820)

Classic Period: Age of Reason Emotional Restraint Balance Clarity Symmetry Clear/Precise Formal Structure Simplicity Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period

Classic Period Musical Characteristics Melody is Prime Concern Homophonic Texture Stepwise (Scalar) Melodies Tonal and Diatonic Obvious Cadences Rhythm Uncomplicated Predictable Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period

Instrumental Ensembles Standard Orchestra Violin I and II Violas Cellos Double Basses Flute I and II Clarinet I and II Oboe I and II Bassoon I and II Trumpets Horns Timpani String Quartet Violin I and II Viola Cello Piano Trio Violin Piano Piano Quintet Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period

Multimovement Works Sonata Symphony Concerto Chamber Music Typical Movements I Fast: Sonata Form II Slow: ABA or Theme and Variations Form III Dance: Minuet (or Scherzo) and Trio IV Fast: Rondo or Sonata Form Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period

Opera in the Classic Period Ongoing Music Continuous Drama Recitative/Aria Accompaniment More Complex Enhanced the Voice No Longer Totally Subservient Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period

Sonata Form Exposition Development Recapitulation Primary Theme in Tonic Key Secondary Theme in Contrasting Key Development Composer’s Playground Develops Themes from Exposition Recapitulation Secondary Theme in TONIC Key Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period

Theme and Variations Form Begins with a Theme Continues with Variations of Same Theme Tempo Dynamics Articulations Tonality Mode Instrumentation Texture Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period

Minuet and Trio Form Stately Dance From Baroque Period ABA Form Many Parts of Each Section are Repeated Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period

Rondo Form Begins with Ritornello Theme Ritornello Alternates with Contrasting Themes Melody Mood Tonality Common Structures ABACA ABACABA ABACADA Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732 – 1809) Austrian Logical Coherent Music Served 30 Years with Prince of Austria Output 104 Symphonies 35 Concertos 82 String Quartets 60 Piano Sonatas Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) Austrian Child Prodigy Father was Musician Traveled Europe Sophisticated, Urbane Music Output Many Concertos 25 Piano 7 Violin Various Other Instruments 23 String Quartets 17 Piano Sonatas Many Operas The Magic Flute The Marriage of Figaro Don Giovanni Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 – 1827) Transitional Composer (to Romantic Period) Three Periods Early Education Formative Middle Prolific More Classic Works Late Fewer Works More Romantic Style Output 9 Symphonies 5 Piano Concertos 1 Violin Concerto 32 Piano Sonatas 16 String Quartets 9 Piano Trios Many Concert Overtures 1 Opera (Fidelio) Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period

Chapter Summary How did the rise of the middle class and the Industrial Revolution affect the development of music? Do you think today’s society is more like the Classic period or the Baroque? Why? Why do you think so many pieces were being written for instruments alone? Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period

Image Credits Slide 2 (c) Brand X Pictures/ PunchStock Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period