Post-War Europe and the Beginnings of the Cold War

The Cost of the War The final casualty count: 72 Million 420,000 Americans 23 million Russians 7.5 million Germans 6 Million Jews 4% of the 1940 world population

The Cost of the War The war cost $2.1 trillion dollars.

Impacts of World War II War Crimes Trials Occupation of Germany Occupation of Eastern Europe Occupation of Japan The United Nations Marshall Plan Warsaw Pact NATO The Cold war

War Crimes Trials Many atrocities took place at the hands of the Axis Powers. 11 Million murdered During the Holocaust by The Nazis Estimates up to 30 million Slaughtered by the Japanese (Rape of Nanking)

Nuremberg Trials 24 Nazi Civilian and Military leaders are put on trial for crimes against humanity

12 executed, 4 acquitted, 8 given a Nuremberg Trials 12 executed, 4 acquitted, 8 given a prison sentence Karl Donitz Hermann Goering Ernst Kaltenbrunner Prison Death Death

Tokyo War Crimes 25 put on Trial, 7 executed Hideki Tojo -- Death Itagaki Seishiro -- Death

The United Nations When does talk about established the “United Nations” begin? What does the UN plan to replace?

The United Nations U.S.A France Britain China U.S.S.R. April 25, 1945: 50 nations meet in San Francisco to establish a new Worldwide peacekeeping body. UN Security Council U.S.A France Britain China U.S.S.R. Which country stands out?

The Occupation of Eastern Europe Following Germany’s defeat, Stalin’s army Remains in Eastern Europe (Poland, Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Etc.)

Occupation of Eastern Europe Stalin takes over the governments of these countries and establishes Communist puppet states know as “satellite nations.”

Occupation of Eastern Europe Stalin’s Goals: Expansion of power Encourage the spread of communism Create a barrier between Russia & Germany Use Eastern Europe’s raw materials to rebuild Russia’s economy Counterbalance U.S. influence

U.S.A vs. U.S.S.R U.S.A U.S.S.R Government Type Gov’t Type Democracy = Power to the people Economy Type Capitalist = People/Citizens own business U.S.S.R Gov’t Type Socialist = Power to 1 dictator Communist = Government owns business

Occupation of Germany Germany divided by the four allied powers Great Britain, U.S.A., and France control West Germany Russia controls East Germany

Occupation of Germany The German capital, Berlin, is split as well even though it is inside of Eastern Germany.

The Iron Curtain “A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately lighted by the Allied victory . . . From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.”

Iron Curtain

The Cold WAr

What was the Cold War?

The Cold War 1945 1990 The Cold War begins at the end of World War II and ends with the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991

Truman Doctrine:

The Marshall Plan To help avoid war and rebuild Western Europe, the U.S. gives over $13 Billion to participating nations.

The Marshall Plan Can anyone think of another reason the U.S. would give all that money to these unstable countries? Stop them from falling to communism – policy of “containment”

The Berlin Airlift 1948: Stalin attempts to take over the parts of Berlin that belong to the Western powers. He closes off all highway and rail routes into West Berlin.

The Berlin Airlift The Western powers begin to send relief. 327 days 277,000 flights 2.3 million tons of supplies.

NO you don’t, Stalin!

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Increased fear of Soviet aggression after Berlin blockade Ten Western European nations, along with the U.S. and Canada, create the North Atlantic Treaty organization. Pledge military support if one nation is attacked. First peacetime military alliance in U.S. History.

The Warsaw Pact Created by the Soviet Union in response to NATO and West Germany’s rearmament. Linked the Soviet Union with seven Eastern Bloc countries.