Very important proteins Enzymes VIP’s! Very important proteins

Proteins that start up or speed up chemical reactions. Enzymes Proteins that start up or speed up chemical reactions.

5.5A Activation E is the E needed to start a chemical reaction Catalysts lower that amount of E needed So, catalysts speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are catalysts fir chemical reactions in living things

A B Substrate molecules Active Site of the Enzyme molecule

High School | Science - Mr. Wanamaker

How enzymes work:

A B Active Site Enzyme molecule

B A Active Site Enzyme molecule

Enzyme molecule lowering the …??? Substrates that are brought together REACT (change!) A B active site Enzyme molecule lowering the …???

Product molecule Is different! Enzyme molecule is… active site Unchanged so can be reused

Enzyme Substrate Active Site- the important part of an enzyme Fits the active site Active Site- the important part of an enzyme

Enzyme + Substrate

The reaction begins

Product Enzyme +Substrates Enzyme

The substrate is broken Hydrolysis Reaction What kind of reaction is this? The substrate is broken into small molecules.

Small substrate molecules Synthesis Reaction What kind of reaction is this? Small substrate molecules build a large product.

Name all of the parts of this reaction. Enzyme + Substrate Name all of the parts of this reaction. Enzyme Enzyme Substrate Product

An enzyme. What kind of organic molecules are they made of?

Active Site Enzyme – Substrate Complex - place where the substrate fits

The Lock and Key Hypothesis Enzymes are specific: They only work on specific substrates The Lock and Key Hypothesis

Naming Enzymes Take the name of the substrate, add “ase”, and you have named the enzyme that affects it!

Examples Maltase Lipase Protease Enzymes are specific What enzyme breaks down lactose?

Factors that affect the rate of enzyme action The concentration of the enzyme

Factors that affect the rate of enzyme action The concentration of the substrate (s)

Enzyme reactions are affected by: pH All reactions have a pH in which they work best. They are different for different enzymes

Temperature Enzyme reactions are affected by: All reactions have a pH in which they work best

Denaturation Changing the shape of the protein (like an enzyme), and it no longer works