Chapter Menu Lesson 1: Abiotic and Biotic Factors Lesson 2: Organisms and Ecosystems Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson.

12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors ecosystem abiotic factor humus biotic factor species population community limiting factor

12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Ecosystems Consist of living things, called organisms, and the physical place they live Examples: coral reefs, woodlands, ponds

Abiotic Factors Nonliving parts of an ecosystem 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors Nonliving parts of an ecosystem Examples: soil, water, light energy from the Sun

Light Energy from the Sun 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Light Energy from the Sun Most important abiotic factor for life on Earth Hits Earth at different angles

Temperature An abiotic factor influenced by light energy from the Sun 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Temperature An abiotic factor influenced by light energy from the Sun

Climate Pattern of weather that occurs in an area over many years 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Climate Pattern of weather that occurs in an area over many years

12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Water Cycle

12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Soil Contains different minerals that affect its chemistry, such as acidity or alkalinity Dead plants and animals decay in soil, forming a dark-colored material called humus that makes nutrients available to plants.

Air Determines the organisms that will live in a particular ecosystem 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Air Determines the organisms that will live in a particular ecosystem Some organisms, like humans, take oxygen from the air and release carbon dioxide, while some plants, some bacteria, and some protists can do the opposite.

Air Pollution The contamination of the air by harmful substances 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Air Pollution The contamination of the air by harmful substances Vehicles and manufacturing are leading causes Air Pollution

Biotic Factors Living parts of an ecosystem Symbiosis 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Biotic Factors Living parts of an ecosystem Symbiosis A species is a group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce among themselves producing fertile offspring.

12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Population Number of individuals of one species that occupy the same area Community: all the populations of species that occupy an area

12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Limiting Factors An environmental factor that limits how large a population can grow Populations expand until the biotic or abiotic factors become limiting.

Limiting Factors (cont.) 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Limiting Factors (cont.)

12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Food Needed for energy The more plants, the more organisms an ecosystem can support Temperature, type of soil, and amount of sunlight and water affect plant growth.

Water All living things need water. 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Water All living things need water. An adaptation is any physical or behavioral characteristic that allows an organism to be better suited to the environment.

12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Shelter and Space Need shelter for protection from both abiotic and biotic factors Need space in which to live and grow

A an environmental factor that limits a population’s growth 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors A B C D What is a community? A an environmental factor that limits a population’s growth B a group of organisms that share similar characteristics C all the individuals of that species that live in a given location D all the populations of species that occupy an area Lesson 1 Review

12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors What is a dark-colored material that makes nutrients available to plants? A humus B soil C tombolo D algae Lesson 1 Review

Which of the following is a biotic factor? A temperature B soil 12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors A B C D Which of the following is a biotic factor? A temperature B soil C light energy from the Sun D a plant Lesson 1 Review

End of Lesson 1

12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems biome habitat niche

Biome A zone of major ecological communities on Earth 12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems Biome A zone of major ecological communities on Earth Six of types on Earth: deciduous forest desert grassland rain forest taiga tundra What are the different types of land environments?

12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems Biome (cont.)

12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems Biome (cont.)

12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems Biome (cont.)

Biome (cont.)

Habitat Place an organism lives 12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems Habitat Place an organism lives Each species has its own niche, or role, in the environment—how it obtains food and shelter, cares for its young, and avoids danger.

South American Habitats 12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems Habitat (cont.) South American Habitats Australian Habitats

Why aren’t grasslands forested? 12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems A B C D Why aren’t grasslands forested? A They have a dry season with little or no rain. B They are too cold to support tree growth. C They are too far north to support tree growth. D They have a wet season with abundant rain. Lesson 2 Review

What are the two types of rain forests? A deciduous and taiga 12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems A B C D What are the two types of rain forests? A deciduous and taiga B temperate and tropical C biome and niche D tundra and taiga Lesson 2 Review

A a place an organism lives B an organism’s role in the environment 12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems A B C D What is a biome? A a place an organism lives B an organism’s role in the environment C a zone of major ecological communities on Earth D all the living organisms and the place they live Lesson 2 Review

End of Lesson 2

Chapter Resources Menu Chapter Assessment California Standards Practice Concepts in Motion Image Bank Science Online Interactive Table Virtual Lab BrainPOP Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.

Which biome on Earth is the largest? A tundra B taiga C desert D rain forest Chapter Assessment 1

Which area of California is mainly temperate deciduous forest? B C D Which area of California is mainly temperate deciduous forest? A northern B southern C eastern D western Chapter Assessment 2

In which biome is the ground most likely to be frozen all year? A temperate deciduous forest B taiga C tundra D rain forest Chapter Assessment 3

A B C D What do we call the number of individuals of one species that occupy the same area? A abiotic B niche C habitat D population Chapter Assessment 4

Which is a biotic factor? A soil type B temperature D Which is a biotic factor? A soil type B temperature C amount of light energy D a cactus Chapter Assessment 5

Why are there fewer organisms at the poles than at the equator? SCI 4.a A B C D Why are there fewer organisms at the poles than at the equator? A Regions with constant warm temperatures support the greatest number of living things. B Regions with dramatic temperature swings support the greatest number of living things. C There is no fresh water at the equator. D There is no fresh water at the poles. CA Standards Practice 1

Which is an abiotic factor? A coral reef B tree C temperature D fish SCI 5.e A B C D Which is an abiotic factor? A coral reef B tree C temperature D fish CA Standards Practice 2

SCI 5.e A B C D A group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce fertile offspring is called a ____. A family B community C species D niche CA Standards Practice 3

What is a species’ role in an environment? A habitat B niche C climate SCI 5.d A B C D What is a species’ role in an environment? A habitat B niche C climate D adaptation CA Standards Practice 4

Which is the driest biome? A rain forest B desert C taiga D grassland SCI 5.e A B C D Which is the driest biome? A rain forest B desert C taiga D grassland CA Standards Practice 5

Concepts in Motion 1

Concepts in Motion 2

Image Bank

Interactive Table

Interactive Table (cont.)

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