The wonderful world of phrases and clauses https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7RL9gtBIt4 The wonderful world of phrases and clauses

General Definitions Phrase-is a group of words that contains a subject OR a predicate (NOT BOTH) Clause-is a group of words that contains a subject and predicate Independent clauses express complete thoughts (can be sentences) Dependent clauses cannot be sentences on their own

Checking for Understanding Are the following groups of words a phrase or a clause.

at the store phrase

Gina came into the store Clause independent

although I could not play Clause dependent

The running water phrase

from earlier centuries phrase

before a hurricane occurs Clause dependent

I took a quick jog Clause independent

through the winter months phrase

during the rainy season phrase

since airports need room clause dependent

Prepositional Phrases Prepositional phrases begin with a preposition and end with a noun Gives information about a noun or verb The bee buzzed with his bee friends from the beehive, around the garden, then to the tree and over it. The monkey swung from branch to branch through the forest under the sunny sky.

Appositive Phrase Is noun or pronoun that renames, identifies, or describes the noun preceding it Johnny Depp, a handsome actor, starred in Pirates of the Caribbean. Kiera Knightly costarred in the movie, a huge box office success.

Verbal phrases-are verbs used as a different part of speech Gerunds-Nouns Infinitives- Nouns Participles-Adjectives Kevin Spacey as “Verbal” Kint in The Usual Suspects

Gerunds Ends in –ing Are used as nouns Swimming in the ocean has been Sharon’s passion since she was five years old. Bill avoided doing his math assignment because the World Series was on. Talking while chewing gum can lead to accidents.

Infinitives Start with the word “to” followed by a verb Are used as nouns To be or not to be: that is the question. I want to learn to speak Japanese.

CAUTION! Sometimes certain prepositional phrase look like infinitives. If a “to” is followed by a noun, it is being used as a preposition. If it is followed by a verb, then it is an infinitive. I went to the store to buy chocolate milk.

Participles and Participial Phrases End in –ing OR –ed Are used as adjectives

Present Participles End in –ing; used as adjective The grinning Chesire Cat slowly disappeared from Alice’s view. The losing team ran off the field, crying and moping on the way toward the locker rooms. Don’t get these mixed up with gerunds that end in –ing but are used as nouns!

Past Participles End in –ed Used as Adjectives Covered in slime, the Chemist adjusted his formula so to not create a second explosion. The binder, worn from years of misuse, finally lost its cover.

Learning Goal I will be able to identify and properly punctuate phrases and clauses within a sentence. After being introduced to the subject matter, how do you feel about your current knowledge of the learning goal?