China, Mongolia, and Taiwan World Geography Today 5/30/2018 China, Mongolia, and Taiwan Preview Section 1: Natural Environments Section 2: History and Culture Section 3: The Region Today Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter 27

Section 1: Natural Environments Read to Discover What are the major landforms and rivers in China, Mongolia, and Taiwan? Which climate types are found in the region? What are China’s main natural resources?

Section 1: Natural Environments Landforms and Rivers China Mountains—Himalayas, Kunlun Shan, Tian Shan, Altay Shan, Greater Khingan Range Plateaus and basins—Plateau of Tibet, Tarim Basin, Turpan Depression Plains and river valleys—Coastal plain, Red (Sichuan) Basin, North China Plain, Manchurian Plain Major rivers—Huang, Chang, Xi Mongolia—Mongolian Plateau, Gobi Desert Taiwan—High mountains in east; flatter area in west

Section 1: Natural Environments Question What types of climate are found in the various regions of China, Mongolia, and Taiwan?

Section 1: Natural Environments Climate Types in China, Mongolia, and Taiwan Region Climate Type Humid subtropical Southeastern China and Taiwan Humid continental Northeastern China Western China Highland North-central China and Mongolia Semiarid and arid

Section 1: Natural Environments Climates Monsoon system has major impact; eastern third of China receives most rainfall Mild humid subtropical—Southeastern China, Taiwan Humid continental—Northeastern China; warm humid summers and cold dry winters Dry highland—Western China, Tibet; cold, rain shadow in Taklimakan Desert Semiarid and arid—North-central China and Mongolia; extreme temperatures (high elevation and latitudes)

Section 1: Natural Environments Resources Minerals—Top producer of coal, lead, tin, tungsten; also iron ore, bauxite, gold, other metals Energy—Oil, natural gas, hydroelectric power (Three Gorges Dam) Soils—Wide variety, but only 10 percent arable; nomadic herding, ducks, peanuts, rice, citrus fruits, tea, sugarcane, wheat, sorghum, millet, soybeans Fishing, aquaculture; silk production

Section 2: History and Culture Read to Discover What are some important events in the region’s early history? What major political events have affected the region’s modern history? What are some features of Chinese culture?

Section 2: History and Culture Early History First dynasty, the Shang, emerged along Chang River, 1700s B.C. Qin, the first imperial dynasty, began Great Wall in 200s B.C. Han dynasty (202 B.C.–A.D. 220) built great empire. After period of decline, Chinese power returned in 600s under T’ang and Sung. Mongols conquered China by 1279.

Section 2: History and Culture Modern Political Events Europeans set up trade colonies beginning in 1557. China lost wars and territory to European powers in 1800s. Sun Yat-sen formed Republic of China in 1912. Japan seized Manchuria, then occupied eastern China during World War II. After the war, Communists under Mao took over; Nationalists fled to Taiwan.

Section 2: History and Culture Modern Political Events (continued) Mao’s Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution brought decline and chaos. China moved toward modernization and market economy under Deng Xiaoping. Leaders crushed pro-democracy movement in 1989.

Section 2: History and Culture Question What are some of the key elements of Chinese culture?

Section 2: History and Culture Elements of Chinese Culture Language Mandarin is the official language, but many dialects are spoken. The written language uses some characters called pictograms. Major Religions and Belief Systems Buddhism Taoism emphasizes living a simple life in harmony with nature. Confucianism centers on family loyalty, duty, and education. Artistic Traditions Poetry; calligraphy; landscape painting; pottery, especially porcelain; wooden houses built on stone foundations, tiled roofs that curve upward

Section 2: History and Culture Cultural Features Han Chinese form majority of population. Mandarin is the main language. Major religions are Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. Minority groups mainly live along borders and in west; maintain distinct cultures. Most people live in eastern regions, especially coast and river valleys.

Section 2: History and Culture Cultural Features (continued) Migration from rural areas is causing rapid urbanization. Great art traditions include architecture, literature, calligraphy, music, painting, and pottery. Chinese food is highly varied and has spread around the world. Diet is based on rice, noodles, bread, tofu, vegetables, pork, poultry, duck, seafood, tea.

Section 3: The Region Today Read to Discover What are China’s major regions? What is Mongolia like today? What is Taiwan’s relationship with China?

Section 3: The Region Today Major Regions of China Southern China—Most productive economic region, with a large percentage of the population; “China’s rice bowl”; Shanghai, largest city in China; Special Economic Zones Northern China—Includes North China Plain and Beijing (capital); dams for irrigation and hydroelectricity along the Huang River Northeastern China—Formerly called Manchuria; rich in resources; nomadic herding common Western China—Includes Tibet and Muslim Turk regions; dry, high, and cold; herders and irrigation farmers; Dalai Lama lives in exile

Section 3: The Region Today Question What are some important geographic facts about Mongolia?

Section 3: The Region Today Mongolia: Geographic Facts Area More than twice as big as Texas Population 2.6 million (least population density in the world) Capital Ulaanbaatar Main Religion Tibetan Buddhism Major Resources Coal, copper, oil Economic Activity Herding livestock—people outnumbered by livestock Industries Processed foods, clothing, footwear, paper Major Challenges Mongolia faces food shortages and a shortage of water resources. Its isolated and landlocked location make it difficult to attract investment and economic aid.

Section 3: The Region Today Taiwan vs. China Taiwan is one of Asia’s richest and most industrialized countries. Exports include computers, scientific instruments, and sports equipment. China claims Taiwan as a province; Taiwan claims to be the legitimate government of China. Economic interdependence draws them closer, but political and economic differences remain.

Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas World Geography Today 5/30/2018 Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas 1. How diverse are China’s natural environments? Explain your answer. 2. Why is there a growing concern in China over a lack of water resources? 3. During which dynasty did distinctive Chinese culture traits such as the use of chopsticks and the early use of money develop? 4. How did Mao’s Great Leap Forward cause an environmental disaster? 5. Which region of China is known as China’s rice bowl? Chapter 27