Cellular Respiration 8.3 Pages 228 - 237

1. Converts (glucose) from food into ATP energy. CELLULAR RESPIRATION 1. Converts (glucose) from food into ATP energy.

Overview of Respiration CELLULAR RESPIRATION Overview of Respiration 2. All organisms respire! 3. ATP energy is released 4. ATP is used for cellular processes like movement of materials, cellular reproduction, protein synthesis, etc. 5. Happens in mitochondria

Overview of Respiration CELLULAR RESPIRATION Overview of Respiration Two Types of Cellular Respiration: 6.: Aerobic (oxygen is present) Anaerobic (oxygen is not present)

Cellular respiration formula 7. C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Energy Glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + ATP energy

Electron Transport Chain, or ETC Parts of RESPIRATION Cellular Respiration 8. Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron Transport Chain, or ETC

Step 1: GLYCOLYSIS 9. Glucose is Broken Down 10. Occurs in the CYTOPLASM: its ANAEROBIC! 11. Produces 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate

AEROBIC RESPIRATION Step 2: KREB’S CYCLE 12. Occurs in the mitochondria: IT’S AEROBIC! 13. Pyruvate goes in 2 ATP and 6 CO2 come out Provides electrons (NADH and FADH) for ETC

Step 3: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN 14. Occurs in the mitochondria: it’s AEROBIC! 15.Produces 34 ATP using the electrons provided by Glycolysis AND the Krebs Cycle 16. 36 ATP molecules total are produced during cellular respiration from one glucose molecule!

17. Write down the formulas for photosynthesis and respiration 17. Write down the formulas for photosynthesis and respiration. How do they relate? How photosynthesis & respiration relate. Almost opposite processes Photosynthesis produce food (store) Respiration breaks down food (releases) Photosynthesis uses CO2 and releases O2 Respiration releases CO2 and uses O2

If there’s NO OXYGEN, respiration is ANAEROBIC, then… FERMENTATION If there’s NO OXYGEN, respiration is ANAEROBIC, then… FERMENTATION!!! Write in your notebook: only 2 ATP are produced from Fermentation! The 2 pyruvic acid molecules from Glycolysis go through fermentation: Lactic acid fermentation: pyruvic acid -> lactic acid occurs in animals; ex.: muscle “pain” from too much exercise, yogurt Alcoholic fermentation: pyruvic acid -> ethyl alcohol occurs in yeast and some bacteria; ex.: alcoholic beverages, bread

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The formula CO2 + H2O --- C6H12O6 + O2 is the formula for. a The formula CO2 + H2O --- C6H12O6 + O2 is the formula for ? a. photosynthesis b. respiration ___ is the process which breaks down food molecules to release energy and takes place in the mitochondria. a. photosynthesis b. digestion c. respiration ___ is formed when ATP releases a phosphate. a. ADP b. AMP c. APP Fermentation is a form of ___ respiration which occurs without the presence of oxygen. a. aerobic b. anaerobic c. antioxidant The green pigment which is present in plant cells and allows them to go through photosynthesis is ___. a. chlorophyll b. chloroplast c. chlorosis Quiz 4

Cellular Respiration 2 36

Where does Glycolysis take place?

What does Glycolysis require?

What is step 2 of cellular respiration? Glycolysis

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place? Glycolysis

What does the Krebs Cycle Make?

What does the ETC Use?

What does the ETC Make?

Cellular Respiration – Part II Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation

But they still need ENERGY!! ANAEROBIC - NO OXYGEN!! Some cells can function for a little while without oxygen. Other Cells may go their entire life without oxygen. But they still need ENERGY!!

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION Can release energy when oxygen is not present but... It’s far less efficient. Begins with glycolysis followed by fermentation.

Same as Before: Glucose is Broken Down Step 1: GLYCOLYSIS Same as Before: Glucose is Broken Down Inputs: Glucose 2 ATP Outputs: 2 Pyruvate 2 NADH 4 ATP Occurs in the CYTOPLASM

Special Note: Glycolysis can produce thousands of ATP molecules in milliseconds. But quickly fills all available NAD+ (electron carriers) with electrons and the process stops, so it’s only good for short-term energy.

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Step 2: FERMENTATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Type of anaerobic respiration that releases energy without oxygen If oxygen is not present, the next step is either Lactic acid fermentation Alcoholic fermentation

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Step 2: FERMENTATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Lactic Acid Fermentation Converts pyruvic acid into lactic acid and CO2 Responsible for food production using microbes (Swiss cheese) Causes muscle fatigue/burning

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Step 2: FERMENTATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Alcoholic Fermentation Converts pyruvic acid into alcohol and CO2 Responsible for food production using microbes (sourdough bread)

Summary Of Fermentation Glycolysis  Fermentation 02+ C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP + alcohol or lactic acid

Advantage of Aerobic Respiration Yields 66% more energy 36 - 38 net ATP That’s nearly 20 times more ATP than glycolysis alone.

Energy Yield without oxygen Fermentation  2 ATP (that’s 36 less ATP than aerobic respiration)

What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration? Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.3 Formative Questions What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration? to make ATP to process H2O to store glucose to deliver oxygen

Which represents the general sequence of cellular respiration? Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.3 Formative Questions Which represents the general sequence of cellular respiration? TCA cycle chemiosmosis glycolysis glycolysis Krebs cycle electron transport electron absorption catalysis phosphorylation fermentation aerobic pathway anaerobic pathway

Which stage of cellular respiration is the anaerobic process? Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.3 Formative Questions Which stage of cellular respiration is the anaerobic process? glycolysis Krebs cycle electron transport

Which molecule generated by the Krebs cycle is a waste product? Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.3 Formative Questions Which molecule generated by the Krebs cycle is a waste product? CoA CO2 FADH2 NADH

What prevents pyruvate from entering the Krebs Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Standardized Test Practice What prevents pyruvate from entering the Krebs cycle and instead results in this pathway? a buildup of CO2 a lack of oxygen an excess of glucose an increased demand for ATP

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