CS1: Wireless Communication and Mobile Programming Wireless Data Networks: WiMAX, Bluetooth, RFID Dr. Khaled Mahmud Laurentian University International Global Experience Program Summer 2016

Agenda WiMAX Bluetooth RFID (c) Khaled Mahmud

Reference Chapter 4 [TEL] Web references http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/wireless/wimax/wimax.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification (c) Khaled Mahmud

IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) Standard for wireless broadband metropolitan area networks WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access WiMAX Forum Promotes the implementation of 802.16 by testing and certifying equipment 802.16 supports enhancements and extensions to the MAC protocols Base station (BS) can communicate with another BS And also directly with Subscriber Stations (SS) (c) Khaled Mahmud

WiMAX Applications Suitable for Supports Backhaul applications for business Last mile delivery applications Supports simultaneous voice, video, and data transmission Triple Play Suitable for voice-over-IP (VoIP) connections Enables vendors to create Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) WiMAX CPE devices supports TV (video) Telephone (voice), and Data on the same network (c) Khaled Mahmud

WiMAX Applications (cont…) Can be used as alternative to WiFi Wider coverage than WiFi Can also be deployed as a point-to-point network Provide broadband access to rural and remote areas Cellular phone operators can easily incorporate WiMAX networks WiMAX MAC layer makes it easy for carriers to deploy the network (c) Khaled Mahmud

Key Features 802.16 802.16a 802.16d 802.16e Spectrum 10-66 GHz Ch bandwidth 20, 25, 28 MHz 1.5 – 20 MHz 1.75/3/3.5/5.5/7 MHz (OFDM) 1.25/3.5/7/14/28 (OFDMA) 1.25/2.5/5/10/20 Modulation QPSK/16 QAM, 64 QAM OFDM 256 subcarriers QPSK/16 QAM, 64 QAM OFDM 256 subcarriers; OFDMA 2048 subcarriers SOFDM 128/256/512/1024/2048 Bit rate 32-134 Mbps (28 MHz ch) 75 Mbps (20 MHz ch) 15 Mbps (5- MHz ch) 15 Mbps (5 MHz ch) Ch conditions LOS NLOS Typical cell radius 2-5 km 7-10 km, 50 km max (c) Khaled Mahmud

WiMAX Protocol Stack PHY layer supports multiple frequency bands and several modulation techniques WiMAX MAC layer is connection-oriented Includes service-specific convergence sublayers That interface to the upper OSI layers WiMAX offers multiple simultaneous services through the same link Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) IPv4 or IPv6 Ethernet, and VLAN (c) Khaled Mahmud

(c) Khaled Mahmud

Network Architecture BS- Base Station SS- Subscriber Station CPE- Customer Premise Equipment ATA- Analog Telephone Adapter (c) Khaled Mahmud

Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Group of technologies that are designed for short-range communications Eliminates the need for wires or cables to interconnect multiple devices Advantages WPAN devices use very little power Short range helps maintain security and privacy (c) Khaled Mahmud

Applications for WPAN Technology Synchronizing cellular, and Smartphones Home control systems (smarthome) Cordless telephones Portable device data exchange Industrial control systems Location — smart tags used to locate people at home or at the office Security systems Interactive toys Inventory tracking (c) Khaled Mahmud

IEEE 802.15.1 and Bluetooth Industry specification Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) Defines small-form-factor, low-cost wireless radio communications IEEE licensed this wireless technology To adapt and copy a portion of the specification as the base material for 802.15.1 802.15.1 standard Fully compatible with Bluetooth version 1.1 (c) Khaled Mahmud

Bluetooth Network Topologies Type of Bluetooth Node (device) Master: controls all of the wireless traffic Slave: takes commands from the master Type of network Piconet Scatternet (c) Khaled Mahmud

Bluetooth Piconet Piconet: Bluetooth network that contains one master at least one slave, and uses the same channel (c) Khaled Mahmud

Bluetooth Scatternet Scatternet: Group of piconets in which connections exist between different piconets (c) Khaled Mahmud

Bluetooth Protocol Stack (c) Khaled Mahmud

Bluetooth Protocol Stack TCS: Telephony Control Specification SDP: Service Discovery Protocol TCP/UDP vCard/vCal SDP IP AT-Command TCS Binary OBEX PPP RFComm Audio Logical Link Control Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) Host Controller Interface Link Manager Protocol (LMP) Baseband Bluetooth Radio (c) Khaled Mahmud http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bluetooth_protocols

Protocol Categories BluetoothCore Protocols BT Radio Baseband LMP L2CAP SDP Cable Replacement Protocols RFComm Telephony Control Protocols TCS binary AT commands Adopted Protocols PPP Bluetooth TCP/IP OBEX Protocols Content Formats (c) Khaled Mahmud

Bluetooth Application Models Profile: Defines the protocols and protocol features supporting a particular usage model Each application model in BT is realized through a profile File Transfer Internet bridge LAN access Synchronization Headset (c) Khaled Mahmud

Security in Bluetooth WPANs Bluetooth provides security at the LMP layer Using authentication Authentication is based on identifying the device itself Authentication scheme is a challenge-response strategy Uses SAFER+ algorithm Using Encryption Encoding communications ensures that the transmissions cannot be easily intercepted and decoded Authentication key and Encryption key are different things (c) Khaled Mahmud

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology similar to barcode labels Contactless Uses radio frequency waves instead of laser light to read the product code Stores product information in electronic tags That contain an antenna and a chip (c) Khaled Mahmud

RFID System Components Electronic Product Code (EPC) RFID tags Readers Also called interrogators Antennas Software (c) Khaled Mahmud

RFID Categories Based on Applications Based on Power Based on Frequency (c) Khaled Mahmud

Basic Types of RFID Tags Passive tags (most common type) They are small, can be produced in large quantities at low cost, and do not require battery power Use the electromagnetic energy in the RF waves Active tags Equipped with a battery Can transmit the signal farther away Have a limited life due to the battery Beacons transmit on a periodic basis (c) Khaled Mahmud

RFID Frequencies Low Frequency systems: 132.2 kHz Short range, Low data rate, Support only slow moving objects Used in asset tracking, security, animal identification Higher Frequency systems: 13.56 MHz, 433 MHz, 918 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz Long range, Higher data rate, Support high speed objects Used in vehicle tracking or other high speed objects (c) Khaled Mahmud

RFID Applications The potential uses for RFID are practically unlimited Manufacturing and processing Retail store Time management Automobile Security Health Care Transportation and logistics Sports and Entertainment People Monitoring, Crowds, and Access Pharmaceuticals Postal tracking Animal tracking (c) Khaled Mahmud