Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Human Body – An Orientation Anatomy – study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

Anatomy – Levels of Study Gross Anatomy Large structures Easily observable with the naked eye Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.1

Anatomy – Levels of Study Microscopic Anatomy Very small structures Viewed with a microscope Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.4

The Human Body – An Orientation Physiology – study of how the body and its parts work or function. Physiology is studied by performing various medical tests.

The Language of Anatomy Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding Exact terms are used for: Position Direction Regions Structures

Body Planes MEDIAN PLANE Also called a sagittal or midsagittal plane RIGHT SIDE LEFT SIDE MEDIAN PLANE Also called a sagittal or midsagittal plane Divides body into right and left sides Median section of the head/ neck Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.6

Body Planes 2. FRONTAL PLANE Also called a coronal plane Divides body into posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) surfaces POSTERIOR (DORSAL) SURFACE ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) SURFACE Frontal section of thoracic and upper abdominal cavities Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.6

Body Planes 3. TRANSVERSE PLANE Also called a “cross-section” SUPERIOR PART 3. TRANSVERSE PLANE Also called a “cross-section” Divides body into superior and inferior parts INFERIOR PART Transverse section of the abdominal cavity Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.6

Orientation and Directional Terms Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 1.1

The hips are ________ to the shoulders. The Human Body – An Orientation The hips are ________ to the shoulders.

The hips are INFERIOR to the shoulders. The Human Body – An Orientation The hips are INFERIOR to the shoulders.

The head is _________ to the shoulders. Examples of the use of orientation terms: The head is _________ to the shoulders.

The head is SUPERIOR to the shoulders. Examples of the use of orientation terms: The head is SUPERIOR to the shoulders.

Orientation and Directional Terms Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 1.1

The heart is ________ to the spinal cord. The Human Body – An Orientation The heart is ________ to the spinal cord.

The heart is ANTERIOR to the spinal cord. The Human Body – An Orientation The heart is ANTERIOR to the spinal cord.

The vertebral column is ___________ to the sternum. The Human Body – An Orientation The vertebral column is ___________ to the sternum.

The vertebral column is POSTERIOR to the sternum. The Human Body – An Orientation The vertebral column is POSTERIOR to the sternum.

Orientation and Directional Terms Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 1.1

The ears are _________ to the nose. The Human Body – An Orientation The ears are _________ to the nose.

The ears are LATERAL to the nose. The Human Body – An Orientation The ears are LATERAL to the nose.

The heart is _______ to the lungs. The Human Body – An Orientation The heart is _______ to the lungs.

The heart is MEDIAL to the lungs. The Human Body – An Orientation The heart is MEDIAL to the lungs.

Orientation and Directional Terms Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 1.1

The toes are _______ to the knees. The Human Body – An Orientation The toes are _______ to the knees.

The toes are DISTAL to the knees. The Human Body – An Orientation The toes are DISTAL to the knees.

The elbow is _________ to the wrist. The Human Body – An Orientation The elbow is _________ to the wrist.

The elbow is PROXIMAL to the wrist. The Human Body – An Orientation The elbow is PROXIMAL to the wrist.

Orientation and Directional Terms Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 1.1

Body Cavities Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.7

Abdominopelvic Regions Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.8b

Abdominopelvic Major Organs Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.8c

Body Landmarks – pg 14 (17 old book)