The Wave Nature of Light Lesson Topics Include: Waves Light Describing Waves Universal Wave Equation Properties of Waves Types of Reflection Prisms and White Light Index of Refraction Snell’s Law Critical Angle

Waves A wave is a disturbance that moves along a medium from one end to the other. Waves move from one location to another in a given time  therefore, waves have a speed As a wave moves away from its constant frequency source, the spacing between successive crests or successive troughs—the wavelength—remains the same Click to view the simulation

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Light Light is a transverse (crests and troughs are at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels), electromagnetic wave (oscillation of electric and magnetic fields)

Describing waves Speed – v – how fast the disturbance propagates (m/s) Frequency – f – rate of oscillation (cycles per second, Hz) __________

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Speed of light The speed of light in a vacuum is a universal constant in all reference frames. Fixed at 299,792,458 m/s (c = 3.00 x 108 m/s) _________

Properties of Waves - Reflect Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection An image is formed ……………

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Reflection from a mirror Normal Incident ray Reflected ray _________ _________ Mirror

Types of Reflection Clear (Specular) Reflection: Diffuse Reflection: _________ Diffuse Reflection:

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Clear vs. Diffuse Reflection Smooth, shiny surfaces have a clear reflection. Rough, dull surfaces have a diffuse reflection. Diffuse reflection is when light is scattered in different directions

Properties of Waves - Refract When the right wheels tough the grass, they begin to slow down At the same time, the left wheels are still moving at their initial pace ……………

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Terminology – Reflect/Refract (< of incidence) (< of reflection) Normal Reflected Ray Incident Ray Өi Өr ӨR (< of Refraction)

Index of refraction The Index of Refraction is a comparison of the speed in the material to c Speed of light in a vacuum Index of Refraction Speed of light in the material

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Check Your Understanding A 5.0 Hz water wave, traveling at 31 cm/s in deep water, enters shallow water. The angle between the incident wave front in the deep water and the boundary between the deep and shallow regions is 50°. The speed of the wave in the shallow water is 0.972 km/h. Find the angle of refraction in the shallow water the wave length in shallow water

Check Your Understanding For a light ray traveling from glass into water, find the angle of refraction in water, if the angle of incidence in glass is 30.0° ……………

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Critical Angle Critical angle (<C) = <i when the <R = 90° How can we use Snell’s law then to calculate the critical angle given the index of refraction (n) for both substances? _________

Check Your Understanding Example: Calculate the critical angle for the crown glass (n = 1.52) – air (n = 1) boundary Example: Calculate the critical angle for the diamond (n = 2.42) – air (n = 1) boundary