Ecology & Biomes 1. What is the difference between biotic and abiotic? Biotic = living; abiotic = nonliving 2. Water is lost to the abiotic parts of the biosphere from the biotic parts in what process? evaporation 3. How is water loss through the biotic parts of the atmosphere? transpiration 4. Name 2 ways nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere (by denitrification). Death and decay by bacteria or fungi

5.How much energy (as a percentage) is lost as you move up each trophic level? 90% 6. What happens to the amount of energy? It decreases 7. Name 2 types of decomposers. Fungi (mushroom) & bacteria 8. What are the steps of the water cycle? In which step are plants involved? Precipitation  Seepage into the ground transpiration Precipitation Runoff into bodies of waterevaporation

9. In an energy pyramid, which level has the smallest number of organisms? Tertiary consumers 10. What is a terrestrial biome? An aquatic biome? Land based; water based 11. Compare and contrast density-independent factors and density-dependent factors. Density-independent Alike Density-dependent Happens regardless of the pop size; tend to be biotic factors Both have an impact on a pop Impact depends on the pop size; tend to be abiotic factors

12. Density-dependent or independent: a) drought, indep; b) food, dep; c) competition dep d) disease. dep; 13. A cold, dry, and mostly treeless biome that has a layer of soil called permafrost. tundra 14. A type of sub tropical grassland that has alternating wet and dry seasons. savannah

15. The biome that is dominated by annual trees that lose their leaves each year. Temperate deciduous forest 16. This biome is characterized by evergreen coniferous trees. taiga 17. Compare & Contrast habitat and niche. The animals habitat is where they live, and the niche is their way of life. 18. What happens if two niches overlap? Competition

19. Which beak is used to scoop things? C 20. Which beak is used to drill into trees for insects? D 21. Which beak is used to tear meat? B

22. Which animal is a filter feeder? B 23. Which organism is the most complex? A 24. Which organism may be parasitic? C 25. Which organism has an exoskeleton and bilateral symmetry? D

26. Name a protective structure found in turtles. shell 27. What kind of symmetry do the following animals have: a) sponge, b) flatworm, c) echinoderm, & d) amphibian; asymmetrical; bilateral; radial; bilateral 28. Name the 2 endothermic animal classes. Aves and Mammals

29. What is the main advantage of the following structures: a) claws-defense/ protection, b) hair/fur-warmth/conserving heat, c) scales- protection 30. What is the difference between hibernation and estivation? Hibernation is when metabolism slows down because of cold and estivation is the same but because of heat 31. Name 3 adaptations animals and plants in the desert may have. Thick leaves, waxy-leaf plants, animals burrowing during the day

32.

33. Create a chart to compare and contrast monocots and dicots in terms of: a) # of seed leaves, b) veins, c) flower parts, & d) arrangement of vascular bundles.

34. Are the following vascular or non-vascular: a) ferns-vasc, b) mosses-nonvasc, c) liverworts-nonvasc, and d) club mosses-vasc. 35. List the functions of: a) leaf-traps light energy for photosynthesis, b) cuticle-prevents water loss, c) stem-support during growth & food storage, d) xylem-transports water, and e) phloem-transports dissolved food/nutrients. 36. List & describe the 2 parts of the stamen. Anther- makes pollen & filament- supports anther 37. List & describe The 3 parts of a pistil. Style, stigma, & ovary