Photosynthesis and Respiration

Photosynthesis The process that PLANTS use to make food Use energy from the SUN to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen What organelle does photosynthesis? Chloroplast

Step 1: Capturing the Sun’s Energy Chloroplasts in the plant capture light energy from the sun Occurs mostly in the leaves Chloroplasts are green because of the pigment chlorophyll which is important to photosynthesis

Step 2: Using Energy to Make Food Light energy is used to make glucose from water and carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide enters the plant though small openings on the underside of the leaves called stomata Oxygen is produced during the chemical reactions and exits the leaf through the stomata.

6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Chemical Equation Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose (sugar) + Oxygen Light energy Letter (chemical symbol): Tells you which element Little number (subscript): Tells you how many atoms of that element Big number (coefficient): Tells you how many molecules

Cellular RESPIRATION Process to convert food to energy that the cell can use Glucose and Oxygen is converted into ATP (energy for the cell), carbon dioxide, and water What organelle is responsible for this process? Mitochondria

C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP Chemical Equation Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy Letter (chemical symbol): Tells you which element Little number (subscript): Tells you how many atoms of that element Big number (coefficient): Tells you how many molecules

What do you notice about the equations for photosynthesis and respiration?

Fermentation Process that provides energy for the cell WITHOUT using OXYGEN Example: Organisms that live deep in the ocean Energy is released from sugar molecules similar to respiration, however it is much less energy Two types of fermentation: Alcoholic fermentation Alcohol is one of the products Ex. Yeast Lactic Acid fermentation Happens in humans when exercising really hard. Lactic acid builds up and gives you sore muscles

Autotroph vs. Heterotroph What is an autotroph? An organism that makes its own food Do they do photosynthesis? Yes or No Example: Trees, grass, dandelion What is a heterotroph? An organism that cannot make its own food Do they do photosynthesis? Yes or No Example: Zebra, lion, humans