Jeopardy! Begin

Localization of Function Phineas Gage Neuro- transmitters Hormones Brain Imaging Technology Ethics $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500

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FINAL JEOPARDY

Final Jeopardy C1-$100

Localization of Function - $100 Part of the brain responsible for vision C1-$100 Occipital Lobe

Localization of Function - $200 Part of the brain responsible for hearing C1-$200 Temporal Lobe

Localization of Function - $300 Association area in brain, important for being able to produce speech, located in frontal lobe of left hemisphere C1-$300 Remind them of the case study of “Tan” (that’s one of the few sounds he could verbalize). The researcher was last named Broca. He studies this individual while he was alive and did an autopsy on him after he died. Found damage in a specific area in frontal lobe of left hemisphere, thus suggesting localization of function. Broca’s Area

Localization of Function - $400 This empirical research study exemplifies localization of function by indicating that the hippocampus is an important area for spatial memory because that area was larger in individuals who needed extensive spatial knowledge of London for their jobs. C1-$400 MRI scans of taxi cab drivers. Saw a correlation with number of years on the job – more years as cab driver equals even larger in that particular part of the hippocampus. But this is just correlational because experimenter did not manipulate the IV (quasi-experimental) – we don’t know if the taxi driving itself caused the growth in the hippocampus or if perhaps people with a larger hippocampus are just drawn to taxi cab driving. Maguire et al Taxi Cab

Localization of Function - $500 This empirical research study indicates that brains of murderers have less activity in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and medial hippocampus compared to non murderers. C1-$500 PET scans of individuals charged with murder and plead not guilty by reason of insanity. Suggests that violent behavior like this may have a physiological basis. They paired each individual with a non murderer counterpart (for example murderer schizophrenic with non murder schizophrenic and other similar variables as well to try to account for those differences). Raine et al Brain Abnormalities

Phineas Gage - $100 Case Study The example of Phineas Gage would be classified as this type of research. C2-$100 Case Study

Phineas Gage - $200 Iron rod through head The cause of Gage’s brain damage C2-$200 Iron rod through head

Phineas Gage - $300 Frontal Lobe The part of Gage’s brain that sustained severe damage C2-$300 Frontal Lobe

Phineas Gage - $400 No Cause/Effect This is a criticism or evaluation of this empirical study. C2-$400 No Cause/Effect Don’t know much about pre-accident Phineas Only one individual – can’t generalize

Phineas Gage - $500 Rude language, lack of impulse control, Two specific changes seen in Phineas Gage after the accident C2-$500 Rude language, lack of impulse control, Different personality, hard time making future plans, Couldn’t do his old job as supervisor

Neurotransmitters-$100 Synapse Neurons sends messages through an electrical impulse running along the axon. When it reaches the terminal button, sacs with neurotransmitters inside are released and the NTs cross over this space before binding at a receptor site on the next neuron. C3-$100 Synapse

Neurotransmitters - $200 Acetylcholine (ACH) Anesthesia blocks this neurotransmitter causing numbness and paralysis, while spider venom increases this neurotransmitter causing muscle spasms C3-$200 Acetylcholine (ACH)

Neurotransmitter - $300 Endorphins This is naturally produced by the body in response to pain and can result in a “runner’s high.” Opiate drugs mimic this chemical and bind at its receptor sites. C3-$300 Endorphins

Neurotransmitters - $400 Dopamine This chemical affects emotion and is often associated with a pleasure response in the brain C3-$400 Dopamine

Neurotransmitters - $500 This empirical research study found low levels of serotonin in people who said they were in love, similar to what we see in individuals with OCD and those who are intoxicated. C3-$500 Mazaritti Love Study

Hormones -$100 Two hormones typically identified as the male hormone and the female hormone (although men and women have both of these hormones in their body, just at differing levels) C4-$100 Testosterone, Estrogen Essential to neural communication

Hormones - $200 The Auyeung et al Study found a link between testosterone and this condition. Boys showed more signs of traits indicating behavior typical of those with this disorder. C3-200 Autism

Cortisol and Adrenaline Hormones - $300 These two hormones are released when you are in a stressful situation. From an evolutionary perspective, this is beneficial for short term fight or flight. Long term it can cause several detrimental health effects. C3-$300 Cortisol and Adrenaline

DAILY DOUBLE

Hormones - $400 This hormone increases a sense of attachment and is released in humans during sex and during child birth. C3-$400 Oxytocin

Sapolsky Baboon Research Hormones - $500 This research indicates that unhealthy primates have higher levels of stress hormones, suggesting a link between chronic stress and immune system health issues for humans. C3-$500 Sapolsky Baboon Research

Brain Imaging - $100 Brain scans can help us to explore this concept, which states that the brain does not remain constant, but changes throughout our life due to changes in the environment, our own learning, injuries, etc. C4-$100 Neuroplasticity

Brain Imaging - $200 This technique uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce 3D images of the brain. C4-$200 MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Brain Imaging - $300 Case study that used MRI images to look at patient’s brain. This patient suffered anterograde amnesia after a surgery removed part of his hippocampus to prevent future seizures. C4-$300 H.M.

(positron emission tomography) Brain Imaging - $400 These scans require that patients be injected with a radioactive glucose tracer that will then reveal where more brain activity is happening by seeing where that radioactive glucose is absorbed in the brain. C4-$400 PET Scans (positron emission tomography)

Berns Conformity Study Brain Imaging - $500 This study looked at fMRI scans of subjects as they chose which manipulated 3D figure matched. When participants changed their answer to correspond to answers given by others, activity was seen in the occipital cortex. C4-$500 Berns Conformity Study

Psychological Association) Ethics - $100 The organization that creates the ethical guidelines that psych researchers must abide by in their empirical studies. C4-$100 APA (American Psychological Association)

Ethics - $200 The step in the research where participants are made aware of the true purpose of the study and are told that they can be informed of the study’s results when they are available. C4-$200 Debriefing

Ethics - $300 This should be avoided because it can be ethically questionable. It involves lying to the participants about the true aim of the study. It is only allowed according to guidelines if it can be justified as necessary. C4-$300 Deception

Ethics - $400 Researchers must obtain this from participants prior to the study. C4-$400 Informed Consent

Ethics - $500 In this ethically questionable empirical study, the researcher advised parents to raise their male infant (whose penis was damaged from a circumcision accident) as a girl in order to test his gender neutrality theory. C4-$500 David Reimer