PRE-STAMPEDE MONITERING AND ALARM SYSTEM Project Title PRE-STAMPEDE MONITERING AND ALARM SYSTEM Under the Guidance of Submitted by

ABSTRACT This project will help us develop a pedestrian flow prediction and risk management system in most of pilgrimage places, in buses and may apply to many other shopping districts. In this project development process, number of push button are set, depending upon the number of switches pressed by the pedestrians will give an signal to a programmable microcontroller of 8051 family conducts the transistor and in turn buzzer sounds indicating the pedestrians are crowded. The status is displayed on the LCD.

PROJECT BLOCK DIAGRAM

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS TRANSFORMER (230 – 12 V AC) VOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM 7805) RECTIFIER FILTER MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51) LED PUSH BUTTONS BUZZER BC547 1N4007 RESISTOR CAPACITOR

POWER SUPPLY Bridge rectifier 5v Regulator 230 V AC 50 Hz 5V DC Filter(470µf) 12V step down transformer

It is a smaller computer Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports... MICROCONTROLLER It is a smaller computer Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports... RAM ROM I/O Port Timer Serial COM Port Microcontroller CPU A single chip

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A MICRO CONTROLLER-AT89S52/51 CPU On-chip RAM On-chip ROM for program code 4 I/O Ports Timer 0 Serial Port OSC Interrupt Control External interrupts Timer 1 Timer/Counter Bus Control TxD RxD P0 P1 P2 P3 Address/Data Counter Inputs

Features of AT89S51/52 Compatible with MCS®-51 Products 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources Full Duplex UART Serial Channel Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode Watchdog Timer Dual Data Pointer

Pin Description Pin Description

LEDS LEDs are semiconductor devices are made out of silicon,When current passes through the LED, it emits photons as a byproduct. Normal light bulbs produce light by heating a metal filament until its white hot LEDs present many advantages over traditional light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size and faster switching

BUZZER Piezo Buzzer This buzzer is an piezo type audio signaling device, which has a piezo element and a oscillating circuit inside which oscillates the piezo brass base plate, which when given voltage difference produces sound of a predefined frequency. Features These high reliability piezo buzzers are applicable to general electronics equipment. Compact, pin terminal type Piezo buzzer with 4 KHz output. Pin type terminal construction enables direct mounting onto printed circuit boards.

BC547 The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor. The BC547 transistor is a general-purpose transistor in small plastic packages. It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100 mA NPN general-purpose transistors. Whenever base is high, then current starts flowing through base and emitter and after that only current will pass from collector to emitter  

Schematic diagram

Software requirements Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real-time kernels, debuggers, simulators, integrated environments, evaluation boards, and emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3, XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families. Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to object code. Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the underlying microprocessor, but not for other microprocessors.

Contd.. i.e., the programs written in one of the HLL like ‘C’ will compile the code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86 (underlying microprocessor in the computer). For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the Compilers for Unix platform  So if one wants to define a compiler then compiler is a program that translates source code into object code.

BIBILOGRAPHY ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets. www.atmel.com www.beyondlogic.org www.wikipedia.org www.howstuffworks.com www.alldatasheets.com

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