Biochemistry Review

What are the building blocks of all matter? Atoms

What are the 3 parts of an atom, the charge, and the location? Proton – in nucleus, (+) Neutron – in nucleus, (neutral) Electron – orbit around nucleus, (-)

What is an isotope and why is Carbon-14 important? Isotopes contain a different number of neutrons than the regular element Carbon-14 is an isotope with 2 extra neutrons and is radioactive. It is found all living things and we can measure the amount of Carbon-14 in a sample to determine how old it is.

What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds? Ionic – a electron is given or received by an atom, making it a positively or negatively charged ion. The positive and negative ions are attracted to each other (table salt, NaCl) Covalent – electrons are shared between atoms

What is the difference between a molecule, and ion, and an ionic compound? Molecules are held together by covalent bonds Ions are positively or negatively charged atoms that have given or received an electron Ionic compounds are formed from ionic bonds

What is a chemical reaction? The process by which atoms or groups of atoms are reorganized into different substances Chemical bonds are broken and formed

What is the difference between reactants and products? Reactants  Products Reactants are the starting substances Products are the end substances after the reaction takes place

What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions? Endothermic absorb heat (baking a cake) Exothermic releases heat (lighting a match)

Energy diagrams

What is the balanced reaction for glucose and oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water?

What is a catalyst? What is an enzyme? A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction An enzyme is a biological catalyst, it is a protein that speeds up biochemical reactions in living things

How does an enzyme work? It lowers the activation energy necessary to start the chemical reaction, making it easier to happen

Can enzymes be used in different reactions? No – they are specific to one particular reaction

What factors affect enzyme activity? pH Temperature Other substances

Do enzymes get used up or changed in a reaction? No, they can be used over and over again

What is the active site and what happens there? Reactants bind to the active site (their shapes fit perfectly like a puzzle, or “lock- and- key model”) Chemical reaction occurs and bonds break or form Products are released

Label enzyme, substrate, enzyme-substrate complex, and products

Which of the following particles is negatively charged? Chapter Chemistry in Biology Chapter Diagnostic Questions Which of the following particles is negatively charged? electron isotope neutron proton A B C D CDQ 1

Isotopes are created by a change in the Chapter Chemistry in Biology Chapter Diagnostic Questions Isotopes are created by a change in the number of what particle of an atom? electrons neutrons protons ions A B C D CDQ 2

Identify the proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions. Chapter Chemistry in Biology Chapter Diagnostic Questions Identify the proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions. substrates enzymes ions reactants A B C D CDQ 3

What particles are in an atom’s nucleus? Chapter Chemistry in Biology Section 1 Formative Questions What particles are in an atom’s nucleus? neutrons and electrons protons and electrons protons and neutrons A B C FQ 1

What causes the overall charge of an atom to be zero? Chapter Chemistry in Biology Section 1 Formative Questions What causes the overall charge of an atom to be zero? an equal number of protons and neutrons an equal number of protons and electrons an equal number of neutrons and electrons A B C FQ 2

What type of substance is water? Chapter Chemistry in Biology Section 1 Formative Questions What type of substance is water? a compound an element an isotope a mixture A B C D FQ 3

What provides the energy for all living processes? Chapter Chemistry in Biology Section 1 Formative Questions What provides the energy for all living processes? chemical bonds ionic compounds radioactive isotopes van der Waals forces A B C D FQ 4

Which is a chemical reaction? Chapter Chemistry in Biology Section 2 Formative Questions Which is a chemical reaction? a match burning salt dissolving water boiling gasoline evaporating A B C D FQ 5

A B Which chemical reaction is endothermic? Chapter Chemistry in Biology Section 2 Formative Questions Which chemical reaction is endothermic? A B FQ 6

How does an enzyme increase the rate of a chemical reaction? Chapter Chemistry in Biology Section 2 Formative Questions How does an enzyme increase the rate of a chemical reaction? It acts as a reactant. It reduces the amount of heat produced. It increases the amount of product. It lowers the activation energy. A B C D FQ 7

What occurs at the active site in the enzyme substrate complex? Chapter Chemistry in Biology Section 2 Formative Questions What occurs at the active site in the enzyme substrate complex? An exothermic chemical reaction takes place. Chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed. The enzyme gets used up in the reaction. The substrates provide energy for the enzyme. A B C D FQ 8