Genetically Modified Organisms André van Loon VROM-Inspectorate The Netherlands Notes

Introducing myself André E. van Loon Inspectorate of the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, The Netherlands 3,5 years, full time inspector GMO’s Associate professor Biology (Developmental biology) Molecular biology PhD viruses High sense of responsibility Cool Love my work

Today:GMOs Introduction to inspections Contained use Field trials Exercise Field trials Market release International cooperation and information

Any Questions? Please ask them At any time Interactive session

Introduction General background The inspector and his powers Steps to take Types of inspections International information and cooperation

Background: A way to think Policy life cycle: Recognition of the problem Formulation policy strategy Solving the problem Maintenance 1 2 3 4

Background: Why non-compliance Table of 11 Cause What can you do about it Compliance assistance

Non-compliance (1) Knowledge of legislation Cost benefits of compliance Acceptance Moral standards Social control Is legislation known; is it clear. Improve by: clear text, provide info Financial and economical. improve by: publication of offender Is the law reasonable; accepted do people feel responsible. Improve by: devsie law together with people who have to comply Loyality of people to authoroties; respect. Improve by: Difficult to remedy, education? How do people feel about about law; other control mechanisms like audits, etc.. Improve by: inform people

Non-compliance (2) Risk of notification of violation Risk of inspection Effectiveness of inspection Selectivity of inspection Probability of sanctions Severity of sanctions 6. Do people notify violations. Improve by: Enable anonymous notification 7. Percieved risk. Improve by: Provide information about inspections. 8. If inspected what is risk of detecting violations. Improve by: inspectors should be smart or at least give the impression they are. 9. Violators should think they are inspeted more frequently. Improve by focus inspection on risk groups. 10. Perception by inspected population; are violations easy to prove? Improve by not too may dismissals, mind load to judges. 11. Are sanctions known and damaging to repuation? Improve by: if not don’t make herous.

Introduction General background The inspector and his powers Steps to take Types of inspections International information and cooperation

The Inspector and his/her powers The law Procedures Permit Conditions Framework of inspections Thy shall inspect!

Inspector has power to Enter premises Stop the work Remedial measures GMO related! Stop the work Remedial measures inspected, yourselves, others Penalties Five levels 50.000 – 5.000.000 CZK

Inspector must Present your warrants Act proportional € 1.700-170.000 !!

Inspector’s skills Legal training Interpersonal skills To the point Decisive Persuasive Honesty/integrity Technical knowledge Investigative skills

Inspector’s skills Representative of government Ask, you don’t know everything Mistakes ?? Keep goal in mind No needless confrontation Dialogue Understand and agree with recommendations

Steps to take 4 1 3 2 THE INSPECTORATE YOUR INSPECTIONS 1 Recognition problem/goal Mission Personal task 2 Formulation strategy Prepare & plan Prepare checklist etc. 3 Execution - solving Progress control The visit itself 4 Maintenance evaluation Evaluation & report Improvements -check

The steps you take 4 1 3 2 THE INSPECTORATE YOUR INSPECTIONS 1 Recognition problem/goal Mission Personal task 2 Formulation strategy Prepare & plan Prepare checklist etc. 3 Execution - solving Progress control The visit itself 4 Maintenance evaluation Evaluation & report Improvements -check

The steps Plan Prepare Visit Report/enforcement Contained use Last Bullet: In presentation of contained use more detail on spes to take.

Introduction General background The inspector and his powers Steps to take Types of inspections International information and cooperation

Types of inspections Contained use Deliberate release Market release Risk assessment of work has been done!

Relation Contained use Deliberate release Market Labs Greenhouses Animal units Deliberate release Gene therapy Field trails Size Market Problem of illegal activity Time

Increase knowledge with scale Reduce restrictions and uncertainties CU DR Small 5X<1 ha Medium <10 Large scale >10 Market unlimited contained Confined to field Outside field Little or no restrictions No restrictions GENERAL SURVEILLANCE 100 % SAFEE MONITORING

Types of inspections Contained use Deliberate release Market release 98% of permits in the Netherlands Investigate Deliberate release Interaction with environment Market release Safe (?)

Introduction General background The inspector and his powers Steps to take Types of inspections International information and cooperation

International Information

International Cooperation of inspectors http://eep-mon.iitb.fhg.de/ Restricted use

Introduction General background The inspector and his powers Steps to take Types of inspections International information and cooperation

Questions Discussion