Date of download: 10/19/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Smart Guidewires for Smooth Navigation in Neurovascular Intervention J. Med. Devices. 2015;9(1):011011-011011-9. doi:10.1115/1.4029558 Figure Legend: (a) Schematic of 1 W- and 2 W-SMA smart guidewire design. The hollow 1 W- or 2 W-SMA tube is mechanically attached to a hollow NiTi superelastic alloy tube. Thin, electrically insulated copper wires are then passed through the proximal end of the NiTi guidewire up to and through the SMA tube. One electrical connection is made on the distal end of the SMA tube via one copper wire and the other on the proximal end of the SMA tube via the remaining copper wire, thus creating a complete electrical circuit. The copper wires ex vivo are connected to an electrical power supply. (b) Prototype of a 1 W-SME guidewire, in which the angle changes by applying voltage (i.e., generating electrical heating) on the wire: (i) prototype device, (ii) before applying voltage, and (iii) the changed angle of the guidewire. The deflection angle was measured as the acute angle between the longitudinal axes of the fixed proximal and distal ends of the guidewire. (c) Prototype of 2 W-SME guidewire.