Agricultural By-Products Co-Products Governments and private industries throughout the world are researching ways to divert the byproducts from landfills and use them in beneficial ways. Bedding, biofuels, construction materials, crafts Primarily for ruminants

Corn distiller grains DDG hominy gluten Distillers grains are a byproduct of whiskey and fuel ethanol production. They have a very long history of being fed to livestock; the first study in the United States about feeding distillers grains to cattle was published in 1907. Distillers’ dried grains (DDG) are more costly to produce because they’ve had the water removed. But since they weigh much less than wet grains, they are also cheaper to transport. DDG contain high sulphur levels, which can be toxic and lead to death. Hominy is field corn that is soaked in an alkali solution of either lime or lye. The corrosive nature of the solution removes the hull and germ of the corn and makes it more digestible. Corn Gluten Meal is derived from the part of the kernel that doesn’t get used in corn meal. It’s high in protein and nitrogen, which makes it an excellent lawn fertilizer. Corn gluten different from the gluten protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.

Barley malt sprouts brewer’s grain Malt sprouts consist of dried sprouts and rootlets produced during the malting (germination of sprouting) of barley for brewing. Sprouts should contain at least 24 percent crude protein. Brewers grains are the solid residue left after the processing of germinated and dried cereal grains (malt) for the production of beer and other malt products (malt extracts and malt vinegar). Though barley is the main grain used for brewing, beers are also made from wheat, maize, rice and sorghum. Foxtail Barley.

Potato culls peels processing failures Cull or waste potatoes are any tubers deemed to be unsaleable in the fresh, processing or seed-potato markets. Cull potatoes are the result of damage caused by disease (both in field and storage), bruising, adverse environmental conditions, unacceptable size and lack of markets. These potatoes eventually need to be destroyed so it is in a farmer’s interest to reuse them. Processing failures include fries, mashed potatoes, and dehydrated potatoes.

Cotton Whole Cottonseed cottonseed meal gossypol gin trash Cottonseed meal is a high protein by-product from the extraction of oil from whole cottonseed. Cottonseed meal is palatable and commonly is used in cattle rations in the southern and western U.S. Cottonseed meal contains gossypol, which is a toxic substance. Gossypol poisoning leads to death and it is also known as a male contraceptive. Gossypol has been documented to have irreversible effects on male fertility and is a carcinogen. Gin trash remains from the processing of cotton and is of poor nutritional quality. It includes chaff, seeds and other plant material that is not useful to the industry. It can compost and yield high levels of nitrogen and trace amounts of phosphorus and potassium back into the soil.

Hulls soy rice almond cottenseed Cottonseed hulls are used mostly in the southern U.S. They are low in protein, calcium, phosphorus and energy but high in fiber. Cottonseed hulls are palatable and increase the bulk density and crude fiber content. Almond hulls have appreciable protein and are very palatable. Oat hulls are a high-fiber, low energy, low-protein feedstuff. Because of their high fiber content, oat hulls can be used as a roughage extender during times when forages are in short supply. Soybean hulls remain from processing for oil and meal production. Soybean hulls have urease activity, which can be a problem in rations containing urea. Heat treatment destroys the urease activity. Soybean hulls which have been heat treated are referred to as soybean mill run.

Oil Seed Meals cottonseed soy canola flax peanut sunflower safflower Meal is what is leftover after the oil has been extruded from the seeds. It is typically high in protein and very palatable.

Bakery outdated packaging processing failures bulk cereals Bread, cookies, cake. It is common for farmers to obtain bi weekly contracts for these types of ingredients.

Sugars/Fruit sugar beet pulp molasses citrus pulp grape pomace apple pomace tomato pomace

Animal origin Fish Meal Feather Meal Blood Meal Tallow Whey

Non-Protein Nitrogen urea ammonia Urea and ammonia are examples of non-protein nitrogen that may be included in the ration of ruminants. Urea is a synthetic compound with a high level of nitrogen. It is not a natural protein. In high-energy rations, it can serve as a source of nitrogen for the synthesis of protein by rumen microbes. This is why it is said to have an equivalent crude protein value from nonprotein nitrogen. Feed grade urea usually is 42 to 46 percent nitrogen, equivalent to 262 to 287 percent crude protein from nonprotein nitrogen, respectively. Feed grade urea comes in the form of small beadlets coated with a clay solution. Urea serves an important role in the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds by animals and is the main nitrogen-containing substance in the urine of mammals.

Considerations palatability price availability nutrition dry matter content consistency Barley straw and baled corn stalks are not considered agri-industrial by-products.

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