Circulatory System

STARTER

AIM ALL- understand the functions of the circulatory system MOST- explain the structure and function of blood vessels SOME-apply knowledge to exam questions without notes

The Circulatory System The circulatory system is made up of 3 main components: The Heart The Blood The Blood Vessels

Functions of the CS 1 Transport 2. Body temperature control 3. Protection

Functions of the circulatory system The circulatory system has three functions: 1. Transporting substances around the body. These include oxygen, glucose, carbon dioxide, nutrients, water and waste products. 2. Controlling body temperature. 3. Protecting the body. Blood contains cells and anti-bodies that fight infection and clotting agents to stop bleeding. The circulatory system is described as a double system because it has two loops.

The circulatory system-flow of blood Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein. lungs Oxygenated blood is pumped at high pressure from the heart to the body through the aorta. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the vena cava. body’s cells

Flow of Blood Left atrium Left Ventricle Aorta Body Vena Cava Right Atrium Right Ventricle Pulmonary Artery Lungs Pulmonary Vein

Double Pump The right hand side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart and back to the lungs The left hand side of the heart carries oxygenated blood from the lungs past the heart and to the body

Blood Vessels Blood vessels allow blood to flow around the body There are three types- Arteries Veins Capillaries

Blood vessels thick outer wall thick inner layer of muscle and elastic fibres narrow central tube (lumen) ARTERY thin outer wall thin inner layer of muscle and elastic fibres wide central tube (lumen) CAPILLARY VEIN wall only one cell thick

Arteries Take oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart Thick walls High pressure No valves

VEINS Take deoxygenated blood TO heart (TV) Thin walls Low pressure They have valves

Capillaries Very thin Connects arteries to veins Allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass through their walls

STARTER Quadriceps Bicep Femur Tibia Fibula Humerus Ulna Pectorals Ball and Socket Radius Rotation

EXAM Questions Describe the role of blood in transport in the circulatory system (2) Describe the role of blood in controlling body temperature (2) Describe the role of protection in the circulatory system. (2) Describe the structure and function of arteries (2) Describe the structure and function of veins (2)

PULSE Draw a human body/stick person Label the places where it is possible to take your pulse Temporal Femoral Radial Carotid

Blood Pressure Amount of force on the walls of the blood vessels Blood Pressure monitor

How to reduce blood pressure? A D

Effects of Exercise- Short term Increase in heart rate Increase in body temperature Blood vessels dilate (get wider)

Effects of exercise- long term Increase in size and strength of heart Decrease in resting heart rate Decrease in blood pressure

Exam Questions 4. Name 2 places where your pulse can be taken from (4) 5. What is blood pressure (1) 6. Name 3 ways a person with high blood pressure can try to reduce it (3)