Circulatory System
Purpose of Circulatory System Transport materials within the body Oxygen, carbon dioxide, biomolecules
What does the circulatory system transport? Red Blood Cells (RBC’s) Doughnut-shaped Contains hemoglobin- complex protein containing iron that transports oxygen
Other Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets Immune response Blood clotting
http://www. youtube. com/watch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKX2gAJX7jo&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrYlZJiuf18&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--bZUeb83uU&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Plasma Watery portion of the blood Carries digested food particles to cells
HONORS EXTENSION: Digested Molecules in Blood Digested molecules absorbed by villi in the small intestine are carried by capillaries Blood travels via the hepatic portal vein to the liver
Types of Blood Vessels: Arteries Away from the heart Thick muscular walls
Types of Blood Vessels: Veins Toward the heart Contains valves to prevent backflow of blood
Types of Blood Vessels: Capillaries Smallest blood vessels Most restricted of blood vessels Only allow 1 red blood cell through at a time http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q530H1WxtOw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
The Heart
Blood Flow Through the Heart
Systolic vs. Diastolic Pressure Systolic Pressure Ventricle contracts Blood forced into the arteries More pressure on walls Artery walls expand Diastolic Pressure Ventricle relaxes Less blood in arteries Less pressure on walls Arteries walls relax
Coronary Circulation Coronary Circulation: Circulation of blood to heart muscle cells
Pulmonary Circulation Pulmonary circulation: Circulation between the lungs and the heart Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in pulmonary circulation
Systemic Circulation Systemic Circulation: Carries blood to rest of the body Deoxygenated blood ENTERS the heart from the body via the superior and inferior Vena Cavas Oxygenated blood LEAVES the heart to go to the rest of the body via the aorta Blood goes back to the heart from the lungs- heart pump provides enough force for blood to travel through the rest of the body
Lymphatic Circulation Transports immune cells Immune response Large # of white blood cells are found in the lymph nodes where bacteria are destroyed
HONORS EXTENSION: Lymphatic System Cont’d Removes fluid from between cells (interstitial fluid) Exchange of materials between blood and intercellular fluid occurs via lymph vessels Extra fluid transported via lymph vessels
Cardiovascular Diseases Anemia- too few red blood cells Atherosclerosis- fatty deposits on the walls of arteries Caused by high cholesterol Hardens Narrower opening for blood to get through Heart attack- blood vessel to heart is blocked
HONORS EXTENSION: Other Circulatory Systems Hydra (Phylum: Cnideria) Diffusion across skin
HONORS EXTENSION: Other Circulatory Systems Cont’d Earthworm (Phylum: Annelida) Closed circulatory system (blood transported through vessels) Contains 5 “hearts” that pump blood to various organs Grasshopper (Phylum: Arthropoda) Open circulatory system Heart pumps fluid into spaces Diffusion into cells Transport sluggish in this system