Tobacco In this chapter, you will Learn About… The damage tobacco does to body systems. How tobacco use harms other people. How you can choose to be tobacco free. Introduce the chapter objectives to students. Each objective represents a lesson within the chapter. Clicking the Health Online icon on the left bar takes you to the URL of Glencoe’s health Web page. The Web page features a Health Inventory to help students know how tobacco damages lifelong health. Clicking the Foldables icon on the left bar leads to an activity. In this activity, students will create a Foldable to record the harmful effects of tobacco presented in Lesson 1.

How Tobacco Affects the Body In this lesson, you will Learn About… The different forms in which tobacco is sold and consumed. The harmful substances in all forms of tobacco. The damage tobacco does to body systems. The negative effects that tobacco may have on appearance.

How Tobacco Affects the Body The Vocabulary terms in this lesson are: Nicotine. Addictive. Tar. Cilia. Carbon monoxide. Click each term to display its definition.

What Is Tobacco? Tobacco is a plant. Its leaves are used to make various products for smoking or chewing. Tobacco use is harmful to people’s health and is a major cause of early and preventable death. Nonetheless, many people use some form of tobacco on a regular basis. Tobacco leaves are dried, aged for two or three years, mixed with chemicals, and then used. Tobacco contains a powerful drug that changes the brain’s chemistry. This change makes the tobacco user want more and more tobacco.

Different Tobacco Products Regardless of the form, all tobacco products are harmful. That’s why there are laws to control the advertising and sale of tobacco products. Cigarettes Cigars and Pipes Smokeless Tobacco Specialty Cigarettes Tobacco products come in many different forms, including cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco. Cigarettes Cigarettes are the most common form of tobacco. Cigarettes put smokers at risk for emphysema and other lung and heart diseases, cancer, infertility, and stroke. Each year more than 430,000 people in the United States die from diseases caused by cigarette smoking. Cigars and Pipes Cigars contain the same dangerous substances as cigarettes but in much larger quantities. One large cigar can contain as much tobacco as a pack of cigarettes. Some people smoke pipes, using loose tobacco. Pipe smokers usually inhale less than cigarette smokers, but they still increase their risk of cancer. Smokeless Tobacco Smokeless tobacco is tobacco that is chewed or sniffed. Smokeless tobacco has been linked to cancers of the mouth, esophagus, larynx, stomach, and pancreas. Chewing tobacco also stains the teeth and causes tooth loss and gum disease. Moreover, tobacco chewers need to spit out tobacco juice from time to time—a habit that many people find offensive. Specialty Cigarettes The use of bidis and cloves has increased in the United States. Bidis are flavored, unfiltered cigarettes from India. Clove cigarettes, which are made in Indonesia, contain tobacco and ground cloves. These specialty cigarettes can, however, be even more dangerous than regular cigarettes. Some bidis contain pure tobacco with seven times as much nicotine and twice as much tar as regular cigarettes.

What Is in Tobacco? Tobacco and tobacco smoke contain approximately 4,000 chemicals. Over 200 of them are known to be dangerous to humans, especially nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide. Nicotine is an addictive drug found in tobacco leaves and in all tobacco products. Tar is a dark, thick, sticky liquid that forms when tobacco burns. It destroys cilia in the lungs. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas that is produced when tobacco burns. Nicotine is addictive—that is, capable of causing a user to develop intense cravings for it. When smoked or chewed, nicotine takes less than 7 seconds to reach the brain, where it creates a feeling of stimulation. About 30 minutes later, when the chemicals have left the brain, the user begins to feel discomfort. The desire to recapture the feeling and avoid the feeling of discomfort causes the user to crave more tobacco. The user is chemically dependent on the nicotine in tobacco. When smokers inhale, tar gets into their lungs. It leaves a residue that destroys cilia, the tiny, hairlike structures that protect the lungs. Over time, it also destroys the air sacs in the lungs. The presence of tar can make breathing difficult. It is known to cause emphysema, lung cancer, and other lung diseases. The carbon monoxide in smoke passes through the lungs into the bloodstream. There it reduces the amount of oxygen the blood cells can carry. A reduced oxygen supply weakens muscles and blood vessels, which, in turn, may lead to heart attacks and stroke.

Short-Term Effects of Tobacco Use Nervous System Withdrawal symptoms may occur as soon as 30 minutes after the last cigarette. Heart rate and blood pressure increase. Respiratory System The user has bad breath, shortness of breath, reduced energy, coughing, and more phlegm (mucus). Allergies and asthma problems increase. Bronchitis and other serious respiratory illnesses increase. Click to display the short-term effects of tobacco on the human body. Circulatory System The heart rate increases. Energy reduces because less oxygen gets to body tissues. Digestive System The user has upset stomach, bad breath, stained teeth, dulled taste buds, and tooth decay.

Long-Term Effects of Tobacco Use Nervous System Increased risk of stroke due to decreased flow of oxygen to the brain. Respiratory System Increased risk of lung cancer, emphysema, and other lung diseases. Circulatory System Blood vessels are weakened and narrowed. Cholesterol levels increase. Blood vessels are clogged due to fatty buildup. Oxygen flow to heart is reduced. Risk of heart disease and stroke is greater. Digestive System Increased risk of cancer of the mouth and throat, gum and tooth disease, stomach ulcers, and bladder cancer. Click to display the long-term effects of tobacco on the human body.

Tobacco and Appearance Every time a person uses a tobacco product, the smell of tobacco lingers on his or her hands, breath, hair, and clothing. Tobacco users often look older more quickly because their skin wrinkles. A tobacco user’s appearance can affect his or her social relationships. Many people are offended by a tobacco user’s smelly breath, hair, and clothing, and they don’t want to get close to him or her. Most of the damage caused by tobacco use occurs inside the body. However, tobacco use also harms a person’s outer appearance. Over time, tobacco use can lead to stained teeth and fingers. With shortness of breath and frequent coughing, smokers are generally less physically fit than nonsmokers. Smokeless tobacco users often develop cracked lips, inflamed gums, and sores in their mouths.

Reviewing Terms and Facts _______ is an addictive drug found in tobacco leaves and in all tobacco products. Nicotine Click to show the correct answer.

Reviewing Terms and Facts Describe some long-term effects that tobacco has on the respiratory and the digestive systems. Respiratory system: Increased risk of lung cancer, emphysema, and other lung diseases. Digestive system: Increased risk of cancer of the mouth and throat, gum and tooth disease, stomach ulcers, and bladder cancer. Click to show the correct answer.

Thinking Critically Why do you think cigarettes are more commonly used than other forms of tobacco? Answers will vary, but should reflect the ease of access and use of cigarettes over the other types of tobacco products.

Vocabulary Review Nicotine is an addictive drug found in tobacco leaves and in all tobacco products. Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

Vocabulary Review An addictive drug is one that is capable of causing a user to develop intense cravings for it. Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

Vocabulary Review Tar is a dark, thick, sticky liquid that forms when tobacco burns. Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

Vocabulary Review Cilia are the tiny, hairlike structures that protect the lungs. Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

Vocabulary Review Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas that is produced when tobacco burns. Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

Fold a sheet of paper in half along the short axis. Open and fold the bottom edge up to form a pocket. Glue the edges. Demonstrate the activity and have students follow the steps after you. Click to view the next step in creating the Foldable.

Label the front of the booklet as shown Label the front of the booklet as shown. Label the pockets “Tobacco Products” and “Harmful Effects.” Place an index card or quarter sheet of notebook paper into each pocket. Demonstrate the activity and have students follow the steps after you. Click to view the next step in creating the Foldable.

On index cards or quarter sheets of notebook paper, take notes on the different types of tobacco products and how they harm the body. Store these cards in the appropriate pocket of your Foldable. Click to return to the Chapter Overview slide.

Find out what you know about how tobacco damages lifelong health. Take the Health Inventory for Chapter 12 at http://www.glencoe.com/qe/qe66.php?qi=1715 Students can visit http://health.glencoe.com to take the health inventory and more. Click to return to the Chapter Overview slide.